台南

The benthic diatom Amphora coffeaeformis was separated from the algal mat in the Tainan Saitworks. Effects of salinity and nutrient limitation on the growth and exopolysaceharide were studied.

从台南盐场藻垫中分离到硅藻咖啡双眉藻，研究了盐度和氮磷营养限制对其生长及胞外多糖产率的影响。

Tainan Jen Theatre takes important part in the history of south Tainan's development of theatre. Tainan Jen Theatre grows to professional troupe form avocational community troupe, its hard work worths admiring and supporting.

台南人剧团在南台湾的小剧场发展史里，占有一席重要的地位，一路从社区式的业余剧团逐渐成长，而慢慢朝向专业剧团的方向迈进，其努力的成绩值得肯定与支持。

The helpings include Barke The Ritual and the Lake Front Waterfowl Park recognizes raises with the Tainan all kinds of activity's support.

基金会参观心得去完基金会之后，我觉得基金会对台南人的负出，使台南成为一个更好的城市。

Like Tainan Enterprise Culture And Arts Foundation executive officer: Uncle Yeh, Tainan Enterprise Culture And Arts Foundation chairman: Uncle Wu, Tainan Enterprise Culture And Arts Foundation explainer: Aunt Lin-Chen, Tainan Breeze Plaza『Meridar Bicycle』chairman: Uncle Dai, Tainan Wild Bird Preserve Group: 2 explainers, and Mangrove Protect Group: explainer Sister Shen, and executive officer: Officer Huang.

，而他们也很善良的配合我们，值得我们学习，像台南企业文化艺术基金会执行长叶叔叔、台南企业文化艺术基金会董事长吴淑叔、台南微风广场总经理戴淑叔、台南企业文化艺术基金会志工林陈阿姨、台南市野鸟学会的两位解说员和红树林保护协会的黄理事长和解说员参姐姐，他们的善心ㄧ定是我们学习的目标。

Ming-Ling M U, who has learned the piano from her auntie Li-Fen MU when she was 4 years old. 1997, Ming-Ling has passed the examination of Tainan University of Technology, Department of Music, majors in piano, minor course is flute, and has been taught by Zhen-Zhen LIU, Nei-Wen WANG, Li-Li ZHOU and Li-Min CHEN. During the school, Ming-Ling has been asked to be the accompanist for Tainan city Phoenix City children's choir. 2003 she has passed the examination from Conservatoire de Reuil Malmaison-senior class of piano performer with the teacher CHANTAL RIOU. In year 2006, Ming-Ling has brought herself to the senior class of piano accompanist and learned with teacher PONDEPEYRE ANGELINE, who made her graduated as the first-rate in the next year from Conservatoire de Reuil Malmaison.

穆明伶四岁开始其音乐养成教育，启蒙於姑姑穆丽芬。1997年考上台南女子技术学院音乐系，主修钢琴副修长笛，师事於刘珍珍、王乃雯、周理俐以及陈丽明老师；在学期间曾应邀加入台南凤凰城儿童合唱团担任伴奏一职。2003年考取法国玛尔梅松市立音乐院(Conservatoire de Reuil Malmaison)钢琴演奏高级班，师事 Chantal RIOU.2006 年进入同音乐院钢琴伴奏高级班，师事於Angrline PONDEPEYRE 。2007年以第一奖文凭毕业於法国玛尔梅松市立音乐院，师事Angeline PONDEPEYRE 。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

Japan to time Tainan prefectural city Nanmenwai area, because under Japanese government's government order, starts large-scale changing burial sites, because changes burial sites namely the Taina metropolis plan which implements for the Japanese government, divides into three times, the seed time, the development time, launches the time, gradual expands Taina's metropolis scope, therefore in obtains the land in the process, an item of suburb generation of development, the Tainan prefectural city Nanmenwai's grave area becomes the date to the time Taina southing development center of gravity, after undergoing the grave migration the land, passes through plans, traveling schedule education, movement facility special-purpose, Japan to the time Tainan prefectural city Nanmenwai's grave picture, is penetratingUnder Japanese government's political power's changing burial sites, after as well as changes burial sites the construction, transforms the school and the athletic field, vital region.

日至时期的台南府城南门外地区，因为在日本政府的政令之下，开始大规模的迁葬，迁葬之因即为日本政府所实施的台南市都市计画，分为三个时期，萌芽期、开拓期、展开期，逐步的扩张台南市的都市范围，因此在取得土地的过程中，项城郊一代发展，台南府城南门外的墓葬区成为日至时期台南市南向发展的重心，经过坟墓迁移之后的土地，经过重新规划，行程教育、运动设施的专用地，日至时期台南府城南门外的墓葬景象，在透过日本政府的政治力量的迁葬之下，以及迁葬之后的建设，转变成学校与运动场，充满活力的区域。战争期间，因为战争需要，在台南府城南门外墓葬区的南侧建立台南军机场，因此在战争期间，台南府城南门外地区又带入军事的色彩，战后国民政府接收日本人撤退之后的所有建设，将空军后勤补给对进驻台南军机场，随之而来的眷属则占据日本人的宿舍，另外在新建多处的眷村，战后初期的眷村文化即进入台南府城南门外地区。

A questionnaire was developed to collect data from samples, which were volunteers of correction institutions of Ministry of Justice in southern Taiwan, including Chayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, and Pingtong Reformatories.

本研究为避免因区域性倾向问题及样本重覆施测所造成的误差，决定在嘉义、台南、高雄及屏东地区，抽取收容人特性及志工服务项目性质相似之机关各一间，即嘉义监狱、台南监狱、高雄监狱和屏东监狱，并采全面施测方式取得研究样本。

The chairman of the Wildlife Conservation Institute of Tainan County, Chiu Jen-wu, stated that while several of their members were carrying out an ecological survey today near the Beimen section of Provincial Highway No.17, they discovered Sacred Ibises in the forest.

埃及圣环鸟族群，疑在台南沿海繁殖埃及圣环鸟族群，疑在台南沿海繁殖台南县生态保育学会理事长邱仁武表示，几名会员今天在台17线北门路段附近进行生态调查时；发现大批埃及圣环栖息在树林内

Archives and displays include examples from indigenous Malayo-Polynesian cultures as well as from key periods in Taiwan history – from the Dutch, Ming / Koxinga,Qing and Japanese periods through modern times.

这曾是台南的第一间百货公司，於1932年12月5日成立於台南市末广町二丁目，为日治时期台南唯一具有电梯现代化设备之百货大楼，俗称五层楼仔。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。