可靠性概率

Then the stationary joint probability density, the conditional reliability function, the mean first-passage time of the optimally controlled system are obtained from solving the reduced FPK equation, the backward Kolmogorov equation and the Pontryagin equation, respectively of fully averaged systems.

求解与之相应的Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov方程得最优控制系统的联合概率密度，进而求得最优控制系统的平均幅值；求解与之相应的后向Kolmogorov方程得最优控制系统的条件可靠性函数，进而求得首次穿越时间的条件概率密度；求解与之相应的Pontryagin方程得最优控制系统的平均首次穿越时间。

Then, using the derivatives of the two dimensional normal cumulative distribution function with respect to its variables of parameters, the sensitivity measure of the failure probability of the parallel system or the unconditional up-crossing rate of the combined process can be determined.

最后利用经典的时不变可靠性分析方法确定并联系统的失效概率，并利用二维正态分布函数的导数特性确定失效概率的敏度。

In chapter 3, differing with gonging criterions which use "safety factor" or "reliability indicatrix", the accidents were regarded as a problem of risk. Then probability model was established in ouder to bring out probability of ship collision with bridges and probability of failure due to ship collision with bridges.

在第三章中，与以往的设计规范中结构设计方程所使用的各种"安全系数"、"可靠性指标"等理念不同，本文将船桥相撞事故作为一个风险问题，建立了基于可能性的概率模型，得出了船舶撞击桥梁的概率以及由于船舶撞击致使桥梁结构失效的概率。

Dynamic reliability under Littlewood-Paley wavelet is the biggest, dynamic reliability under modified meyerwavelet and harmonic wavelet are close. Analyzing the dynamic reliability of structure under odd exponent wavelet is very simple, it doesn't calculate Power Spectral Density function integral, it is only to calculate the square of displacement standard deviation and the square of velocity, then the dynamic reliability of structure can be concluded by max distribution. In addition the effects of upper limit is considered, when upper limit is smaller, the dynamic reliability of structure is less, that is, the damage possibility is bigger.

通过结构地震反应在小波基下的动力可靠性分析说明：无论是单自由度还是多自由度从理论上推导在这四种小波下的结构动力可靠性是可行的，而且考虑的结构地震反应都是非平稳的高斯过程，方法实现也比较容易；在Littlewood—Paley小波基下求得的结构的动力可靠度比较大，由改造的meyer小波和谐波小波求得的动力可靠度略有差异；单边指数小波下的结构动力可靠性分析非常简单，不用求功率谱函数来积分，只需求得结构地震反应的位移方差，速度方差，利用最大值分布公式就可得到结构的动力可靠时程；另外也考虑了超越界限对结构动力可靠度的影响，超越界限越小，结构的动力可靠度越小，即破坏概率越大。

Dynamic reliability under Littlewood-Paley wavelet is the biggest, dynamic reliability under modified meyerwavelet and harmonic wavelet are close. Analyzing the dynamic reliability of structure under odd exponent wavelet is very simple, it doesnt calculate Power Spectral Density function integral, it is only to calculate the square of displacement standard deviation and the square of velocity, then the dynamic reliability of structure can be concluded by max distribution. In addition the effects of upper limit is considered, when upper limit is smaller, the dynamic reliability of structure is less, that is, the damage possibility is bigger.

通过结构地震反应在小波基下的动力可靠性分析说明：无论是单自由度还是多自由度从理论上推导在这四种小波下的结构动力可靠性是可行的，而且考虑的结构地震反应都是非平稳的高斯过程，方法实现也比较容易；在Littlewood—Paley小波基下求得的结构的动力可靠度比较大，由改造的meyer小波和谐波小波求得的动力可靠度略有差异；单边指数小波下的结构动力可靠性分析非常简单，不用求功率谱函数来积分，只需求得结构地震反应的位移方差，速度方差，利用最大值分布公式就可得到结构的动力可靠时程；另外也考虑了超越界限对结构动力可靠度的影响，超越界限越小，结构的动力可靠度越小，即破坏概率越大。

Parallel system and k/n system were developed with the probability differential equation and total probability formula when strength degenerated as time.

运用概率微分方程和全概率公式建立了强度随时间退化时的串联系统、并联系统以及k/n系统动态可靠性模型。

The process of random load action was described with the Poisson stochastic process and the time-dependent reliability models of series system, parallel system and k/n system were developed with the probability differential equation and total probability formula when strength degenerated as time.

采用泊松随机过程来描述载荷的作用过程，运用概率微分方程和全概率公式建立了强度随时间退化时的串联系统、并联系统以及k/n系统动态可靠性模型。

The process of random load action was described with the Poisson stochastic process and the time de pendent reliability models of series system, parallel system and k/n system were developed with the probability differential equation and total probability formula when strength degenerated as time, Taking the degeneration of strength following the exponential rule as an example, the relationships between the reliability and failure rate of system and time were studied.

采用泊松随机过程来描述载荷的作用过程，运用概率微分方程和全概率公式建立了强度随时间退化时的串联系统、并联系统以及k/n系统动态可靠性模型。以强度退化服从指数退化规律为例，研究了串联系统、并联系统以及k/n系统的可靠度和失效率随时间的变化规律。

With the consideration of the spatial variation of physical parameters of soft clay, the probabilistic characteristics of the one-dimensional average degree of consolidation of soft clay was studied and its sensitivity of variance to permeability, void ratio and compression coefficient of soil was also analyzed.

在考虑岩土参数空间变异性的情况下，对软粘土地基一维固结平均固结度的概率特征进行了研究，分析了平均固结度的概率特征对渗透系数、孔隙比和压缩系数三参数变异性的敏感性，进行了岩土参数分布类型对平均固结度影响的正交试验，并根据试验结果进行了方差分析，为进一步开展多层地基固结的可靠性分析打下了基础。

The optimization of power network planning and the selectees of the power transmission lines in all of the possible load conditions obtained from this method. Then according to the probability of the condition, the distribution network planning conclusion with good adaptability and reliability requirement is put forward.

采用多情景方法求得未来多种可能负荷情景下的电网最优规划方案，得到各待选线路在各情景下的被选情况，并根据各种情景可能出现的概率，提出依据电网可靠性要求和线路被选概率的大小选择各条待选线路，形成具有较好适应性的电网灵活规划方案。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。