可靠度

In this Standard, the setting levels for reliability are raised; the contents of high strength concrete are amended; the Grade III steel bar, high strength steel wire and strand are defined as the main stress-undertaking steel bar; the contents of structural analysis and durability design are added and the measures for concrete crack restriction are amended.

混凝土结构设计规范》提高了可靠度的设置水平，补充了高强混凝土，确定了Ⅲ级钢筋及高强钢丝、钢铰线为主导受力钢筋，增加了结构分析及耐久性设计的内容，补充了限制混凝土裂缝的措施。修订后的《混凝土结构设计规范》对保证工程质量，促进技术进步，实现与国际接轨等方面有了重大进展，达到了国际先进水平。主编：李明顺徐有邻

The seismic disasters features and behavior mechanisms of the buriedwater supply pipeline are analyzed by synthesis and the breakage of thepipe joints caused by seismic wave propagation as main disasters mode isled into. The soil-pipe interaction, and the soil-pipe slippage arediscussed. Statistical experience method resulted from earthquakeinvestigations and theoretical methods based on reliability theory areintroduced. The reliability of buried pipeline is researched. The methodfor estimate connective reliability of network by means of Monte Carlesimulation technique and Breadth First Search method is introduced. Theconnective reliability of water supply pipe network is researched.

本文综合分析了地下供水管道的地震破坏特征和反应机理，引入了以接头破坏作为主要的破坏模式，并探讨了管土间的相互作用和滑移作用等问题；介绍了根据震害调查数据回归的统计经验法和基于可靠性理论的理论分析法，对地下管道的可靠性进行了研究；介绍了利用蒙特卡罗法和网络图论中的广度优先搜索法判定网络连通可靠度的方法，对供水管网的连通可靠性进行了研究；考虑到震害预测方法中的许多参数是随时间变化的，应用灰色理论和概率论，建立了基于GIS 的供水管网动态震害预测模型。

At last, making use of load stress chart of old steel bridge, and looking facture criterion as ultimate state equation to carry through reliability analysis. Adopting Probabilistic fracture mechanics to estimate remaining fatigue life of old steel bridge under given reliability.

最后结合我国老钢桥的载荷应力谱，以断裂判据为极限状态方程进行可靠性分析，并利用概率断裂力学方法对给定可靠度下老钢桥的剩余疲劳寿命进行预测。

The method is applied to the system reliability assessment of a long-span cable-stayed bridge.

在β约界法搜索失效模式的过程中，需计算各个单元的可靠度指标。

This paper,based on the study on the structure,working principle and safety factors of the timber-collected board-vehicle , made out four cases-using timber-enlaced machine,improving on brake-staff,adding iron fortified muscle and making brake oriented-block,which can improve the safety of the board-vehicle when it collects timber on the steep slope.

通过对集材板车的结构、集材方法及其安全性的研究，给出 4种改进技术措施，即使用木材捆扎机械装置、改进制动系统、增设铁制加强筋和使用制动导向滑轮，以提高集材板车在陡坡集材时的安全性改进后的集材板车在 4 0 0 0hm2 的林木集材试验中，安全可靠度达 10 0

When counting, according to the reliability data of each device, calculated each composition parts worth of terminal-sensitive projectile system is theory, it can get the task reliability of each subsystem, repassed to utilize the model of establishment can get terminal-sensitive projectile system task reliability.

计算时，依据各器件的可靠性数据，理论推算末敏弹系统各组成部件的可靠度值，可得到各分系统的任务可靠性，再通过运用建立的模型，可得到末敏弹系统的任务可靠性。

In the microstructure of solder matrix, Ce-dope results in the formation of precipitated CeSn3 clusters in the reflowed solder matrix and the oxidation of CeSn3 clusters makes the tin whisker grow.

在添加稀土元素后，锡球内部可观察到CeSn3介金属，CeSn3氧化后可观察到锡须形成，导致此种无铅焊锡在使用上将因可靠度而受到限制。

By phosphorus incorporation, the gate oxide reliability can be enhanced.

经於磷的掺杂，能增加闸极氧化层的可靠度。

The results show that the prediction errors of the variance and curve shape between the quasi consolidation model and hyperbolic model are small and with the verification of the hyperbolic model, the quasi consolidation model can give a better prediction of post-construction settlement of the loess subgrade.

结果表明：双曲线模型与似固结模型的误差平方和与预测曲线的误差均较小，能较好地反映黄土路基工后沉降的规律，两者相互印证，提高了工后沉降预测的可靠度。

The objective standards of the EST risk assessment include pipe buried depth, frequency of going on a tour of inspection, amount of cars or trains to get by, thickness of the pipe or tank, occupied rate of the earth's surface on the pipe, depth of the corrosion pit, working time, soil resistively, MAOP, soil I〓, accident frequency, current velocity of river water, cutting down rate of the riverbed, fallback rate of the river bank, distance of the upper reservoir, criminal rate, attaining goal rate, reliability level, GDP, population amount, combustibility N〓, toxicity N〓, long-term danger RQ and so on.

专家评分法的客观性指标有管道埋深，巡线频率，日车辆通过数量，管道和罐的厚度，管道上方地面被占用率，腐蚀坑深度，服务年限，土壤电阻率，最大操作压力，土壤塑性指标I〓，事故频率，河水流速，河床下切率，河岸后退率，上游水库的距离，犯罪率，达标率，可靠度，国民生产总值，人口数量，易燃性N〓，毒性N〓，长期危险性RQ等。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。