可降解的

Current status on research and production of degradable plastics in China was reviewed.

综述了国内可降解塑料的研究与生产现状，介绍了可降解塑料的种类、特点以及研究与生产中存在的问题和今后的发展方向。

One new hydroxypropyl hydroxyethyl starch derivative with fine thermoplasticity ,of which glass temperature T g≈140℃ and flow temperature T f≈170℃,was prepared when corn starch was properly coupled with epichlorohydrin then hydroxypropylated and hydroxyethylated in high substitution values.

以淀粉衍生物作为添加剂与非降解性塑料等复合制备可降解材料时，淀粉衍生物的热塑性是一项非常重要的指标。

The specific properties of materials, such as the palate adhesion, dynamic cruor, anti-bacterial and the degradability of lysozyme, were studied, which provide valuable data for further application. The main creative ideas are listed as follows:(1) The water-retention chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol blend fiber was obtained by coagulating in 10％ NaOH/ethanol solution, and the blend and crosslink due to GA can enhance the mechanical properties of fiber;(2) The controlled degradable chitosan/gelatin blend fiber was obtained by solution filature, and the mechanical properties were improved;(3) The N-acylchitosan with the different degree of substitution were successfully prepared, and the relationship between structure and properties was estabilished;(4) By a new solvent system of 6％ NaOH/4％ urea for cellulose, the blood anti-coagulant function films were prepared by blending cellulose with chitin;(5) In the same solvent system above mentioned, the anti-bacterial blend films based on cellulose and carboxymethyl-chitosan were prepared, and the relationship of DS and the anti-bacterial property was concluded;(6) The controlled degradable chitosan films was obtained by the chemical crosslink.

本论文的主要创新点：（1）以NaOH水溶液／无水乙醇为凝固液，采用溶液纺丝法制备出保水性壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇纤维，共混和戊二醛交联极大提高了壳聚糖纤维力学性能；（2）用壳聚糖和明胶共混，以溶液纺丝法制备出可控降解的壳聚糖／明胶纤维，并大幅度提高了壳聚糖共混纤维的干、湿态抗张强度；（3）确立了不同取代度N-酰基壳聚糖的合成方法及其膜的结构与性能的关系；（4）利用纤维素新溶剂6％NaOH／4％尿素制备出抗凝血性纤维素／甲壳素共混膜；（5）利用上述纤维素新溶剂制备出抗菌性纤维素／羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜，揭示了羧甲基壳聚糖取代度与抗菌性能的关系；（6）制备出可控降解壳聚糖交联膜。

Since then, people have made many studies on resorbable internal bone fixation composites. Up till now, however, although those kinds of resorbable internal fixation composites have considerable strength, they can only be used for curing cancellated bone fracture and not for load-bearing bone fracture internal fixation because of their low modulus, too slow degradation rate and inflammation reaction.

然而到目前为止，可降解吸收性骨内固定材料，虽然具有一定的强度，但因刚度低，故在临床上仅用于治疗松质骨骨折，尚不能用于承重骨骨折的内固定，且在体内降解吸收时间太长以及容易引起无菌性炎症反应等，使其应用范围受到限制。

The key part of this project is the application of high effective degradative microorganisms for aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrify bacteria for biological nitrogen removal in the treatment of recalcitrant industrial wastewater.

本项目的关键技术是将人工筛选的芳香族化合物降解菌和生物脱氮的硝化细菌应用于难降解的工业废水处理工程。技术特点是：可在去除难降解有机物的同时脱除高浓度的氨氮。

Lactide, glycolide or caprolactone, biodegradable polyester and diisocyanate as materials are first bulk melt polymerized to prepare the degradable polymer with thermal deformation transforming temperature of about 37 deg.c. The obtained material is processed at temperature over melting temperature so as to shape into spiral rack, applied with stress at temperature higher than Ttrans to form shape easily operational handling and frozen to eliminate stress into the product.

本发明以丙交酯、乙交酯或己内酯，生物可降解聚酯及二异氰酸酯为原料，通过本体熔融聚合制备得到热致形变温度转化点在37℃左右的可降解高分子材料，将得到的材料在熔融温度以上进行加工、赋形制作成用于不同管腔内的螺旋管状支架；在T＞T trans 条件下施加应力，加工为便于手术操作的形状；冷冻定型消除应力，即得产品。

The catalysts of the invention is able to catalyse metathetic degradation of nitrile rubbers with a higher activity than the metathesis catalysts available at present and thus makes possible an increase in the reaction rate and the setting of lower molecular weights of the degraded nitrile rubbers at a comparable noble metal content.

本发明的催化剂能够以比目前可获得的复分解催化剂更高的活性来催化丁腈橡胶的复分解降解，由此在可比较的贵金属含量下使之有可能增加反应速率并设定降解的丁腈橡胶的较低分子量。

In order to research the degrading efficiency of the hard degradationg organism from coking wastewater by microbe. We used the superjacent sludge as cultivated object. Nutrient fluid was taken from a dining room. Then activated sludge was obtained by cultivation. And then, coking wastewater was used to go on cultivating and separating. The activated bacteria that could degrade coking wastewater were gained.

为了研究微生物对焦化废水中难降解有机物的降解效果，以池塘边上层污泥为培养对象，用米泔水作为营养液进行好氧培养，得到较多的活性较好的污泥复合菌，然后用焦化废水进行培养驯化，分离纯化得到较纯的可降解焦化废水的活性细菌。

Compared with nondegradable stent, degradable drug eluting stent has a great biocompatibility and a hopeful perspective.

相对于不可降解药物洗脱支架，可降解药物洗脱支架具有良好的生物相容性和广阔的应用前景。

As the kernel of BPY system, advanced wet degradation technology of waste comprises delivering sorted degradable organic substances into reactor, charging steam to perform wet degradation reaction under certain temperature and pressure for 1-2 hours, killing pathogenic bacteria and grass seeds to eliminate odor, synthesizing partially degraded substances into humus material, and preparing wet-degraded material into commercial fertilizer.

具有领先性的湿解技术是BPY系统的核心。应用湿解技术处理垃圾，将经过分选的可降解有机物输送到反应器内，通入蒸汽，在一定温度、压力和有水存在的条件下进行湿解反应，1～2小时杀灭病原菌和草籽，消除恶臭，同时使有机物的各种组份得到降解，并使部分降解后的物质再合成为腐殖质。然后将经过湿解处理的物料制成商品肥。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。