可降低的

Wind fences can reduce aerodynamic force of railway vehicle in the cross-wind s,and the performances of wind fences might be affected by many factors.

防风栅可降低铁道车辆在横风作用下铁道车辆所受的气动力，其抗风性能受许多因素影响。

The research contents mainly include: First, the influence of foundation constraint condition to the temperature stress is analyzed, the temperature stress formula of ultra-long concrete anchor plate is deduced, then the influence of length to structure crack can be gotten from the formula. Second, a breathing method is set up to solve the problem of temperature stress in ultra-long concrete constructions. By setting the sliding floor, a breathing system is built up and the temperature stress reduced distinctly. Third, the effect of prestress technique in the control of temperature stress is analyzed, it is simulated and calculated through FEA to get the right way to apply the prestress. Forth, the delay of temperature field and unsteady conduction is considered, the temperature field of ultra-long concrete structure with later poured band is simulated, then temperature stress distribution after casting the concrete is calculated, finally the effect of later poured band to temperature stress of ultra-long structure is analyzed.

本文的研究内容主要包括：(1)分析了基础约束对超长混凝土结构温度应力的影响，推导了超长混凝土地基板温度应力公式，从而得出长度对结构裂缝的影响；(2)针对超长混凝土裂缝问题，提出了一种可呼吸的解决方法，通过设置滑动层，使结构成为一种"可呼吸"体系，从而有效的降低温度应力；(3)分析了预应力技术在控制超长结构温度应力中的作用，通过有限元模拟计算，得到合理的预应力施加方式；(4)考虑温度场的滞后效应及不稳定传导，对带后浇带超长混凝土结构浇注后的温度场仿真模拟，计算浇注后的温度应力分布，分析后浇带对超长结构温度应力的影响。

The comparison of hydrolysis-polycondensation reaction and microstructure of ORMOSILs derived by TEOS, MTES, VTES, ETES confirms that the influence of organic group such as methyl, vinyl, ethyl and ethoxyl on the hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction rate depends on several factors including electron-donating capability, size and number of ethoxyl group which can participates polycondensation reaction.

确认甲基、乙烯基和乙基和乙氧基等改性基团对硅醇盐水解-缩聚反应速度的影响是取决于有机改性基团的电负性、尺寸和可水解的-OR基团数目等因素综合作用的结果，其水解速度依MTES＞TEOS＞VTES＞ETES的顺序递减。由于Si原子上可聚合的基团数目减少，导致MTES、VTES和ETES的聚合反应速度降低，而与水解速率失配。

Then a global separable nonlinear least-squares identification method which estimates the time delays and transfer function parameters separably is derived to reduce the possibility of convergence to a local minimum by using the global optimization theory.Furthermore,the GSNLS method is modified to a novel global separable nonl...

为降低收敛于局部最小的可能性，利用全局优化理论，推导了全局可分离的非线性最小二乘辨识方法；为消除强观测噪声所引起的参数估计的偏差，将GSNLS方法调整为一新颖的全局可分离的非线性多新息递推最小二乘辨识方法，仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。

The results indicated that 1-MCP treatment made fruit remain high quality and good flavor during storage by delaying the loss of firmness ,and maintain relatively high total soluble solids and titratable acid content.

结果表明：1 MCP处理可以明显延缓果实硬度的下降，维持果实较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量，从而较好地保持果实在贮藏期间的品质和风味；1 MCP处理可以明显抑制梨病害的发生，保持较高的好果率，并可降低果实丙二醛含量，延缓其衰老。

At the same time,a tension stress is applied on theγ′phase interfaces along the direction parallel to the stress axis,which results in the lattice expansion ofγ′phase to trap the Al,Ta atoms with the bigger radius.This brings out the accumulation of the solute atoms to form the N-type rafted structure.Al,Ta atoms with bigger radius diffuse to the {100} plane to form the linked bond of the heterogeneous atoms and the stable stacking mode,this is a main reason of promoting the transformation ofγ′phase into the N-type rafted structure.And the change of the strain energy density in different interfaces of the cubical-likeγ′phase is thought to be the driving force of the elements diffusion and theγ′phase directional growth during creep.

拉伸蠕变期间，类立方γ\'相中与施加应力轴垂直的界面受水平切应力，使晶格收缩可排斥较大半径的Al、Ta原子；与应力轴平行的界面受拉伸张应力，使晶格扩张可诱捕较大半径的Al、Ta原子，由此引起的原子偏聚形成γ\'相是自由能降低的过程；其中，较大半径的Al、Ta原子扩散迁移至{100}晶面，形成异类原子结合键及稳定的堆垛方式，是促使γ\'相形成N-型筏状结构的主要原因；而γ\'相不同界面的应变能密度变化是元素扩散及γ\'相定向粗化的驱动力。

The general average cases will decline with the shipowner's conservative attitude, the small general average clause will decrease too.

经由新制约安规则修订之影响，可预见共同海损制度将朝向理算规则与程序简化之目标迈进，共同海损案件亦将随著船东趋於保守之态度而有所下降，小额共同海损条款使用之情形也将增加，以避免小额共同海损理算的不经济；另一方面经由理算项目的减少，共同海损金额亦将下降，预期将可降低海上保险人损失赔款支出，并有新险种需求产生之可能；整体而言，新制约安规则系有利於货主而损及船东利益，使得共同利益与共同安全的冲突关系有新的平衡产生。

As an application in the field of environmental protection, environmental risk management includes the following behaviors: selecting the effective control technology to analyze the expenses and benefits of the risk cut-down, according to the result of the environmental risk appraisal, the appropriate rules and regulations; confirming the acceptable risk level and acceptable harm level; carrying on policy analysis considering society economic and political factors; determining proper control measures and putting into effect, in order to reduce the accident risk degree, and then protect the human health and the ecosystem security.

作为风险管理在环境保护领域的应用，环境风险管理是指根据环境风险评价的结果，按照恰当的法规条例，选用有效的控制技术，进行削减风险的费用和效益分析；确定可接受风险度和可接受的损害水平；并进行政策分析及考虑社会经济和政治因素；决定适当的管理措施并付诸实施，以降低或消除事故风险度，保护人群健康与生态系统的安全。

Under the experimental conditions, alum, alum/sodium silicate, sodium silicate/hydrochloric acid, zinc chloride, and sodium silicate/zinc chloride are effective to inhibit the dissolution of precipitated calcium carbonate in distilled water with pH value 5.85, and the pH values of the suspensions decrease.

硫酸铝、氯化锌、硅酸钠/稀盐酸可对PCC在pH值为5.95的醋酸/醋酸钠缓冲溶液中的溶解性产生较弱的抑制作用，硅酸钠/氯化锌的溶解抑制作用相对较为显著，滤液钙离子浓度可降低30％左右。

Optimal mixing ratio of SRA as delay forming agent in cement treated base is 0.05%-0.06%; the influence of compacting delay on strength and dry density of road base may be reduced by SRA additive, forming time may be delayed to 9h; after the forming time is delayed to 4h, 6h and 9h, the strength and dry density shrinkage of cement-treated base with SRA admixture are much less than that of those without SRA.

SRA用作水泥稳定粒料路面基层的延迟成型剂的最佳掺量在0.05％～0.06％：用SRA可降低因延迟压实对水泥稳定粒料基层的强度和干密度的影响，可把延迟成型时间延长到9h；在成型延迟4h，6h，9h后，掺入SRA的水泥稳定粒料的强度和干容度损失明显小于未掺外加剂的混合料在相同延迟成型务件下的强度损失。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。