可遗传的

The first model is the optimization problems with s linear objective function subject to a system of fuzzy relation equations and a system of fuzzy relation inequalities, which are solved by using path method and 0-1 integer programming with branch and bound method.

第一种为约束为模糊关系方程和模糊关系不等式的具有线性目标函数的优化问题，采用路径法及0-1整数规划中的分枝定界法对其求解；第二种为约束为模糊关系方程和模糊关系不等式的格线性规划问题，采用直接法、路径法及0-1整数规划法对其求解；第三种为模糊关系不等式为模糊的，即约束中有一个可接受的容差，采用容差法及正负理想法对其求解；第四种是一种新的可能性模糊线性规划问题，采用模糊数大小比较法、"切片-粘贴"法及正负理想法，并设计了随机模拟的遗传算法对其求解；第五种为期望值模型，利用期望值将其转化为清晰约束系数的线性规划问题的方法。

Zahavi (1975) suggested a mechanism for this, using the following recipe: signals are honest, if and only if they are costly to produce relative to the signaler's current condition and if the capacity to produce honest signals is heritable.

扎哈维为此提出了一个机制：运用下列理论：当且仅当杜撰信号发生装置相关的信息很麻烦，或产生诚实的信号是可遗传时，信号是真实的。

The number of un-repaired DNA damages is thimbleful, but these un-repaired damages maybe produce very important influence on organism. In the replication process, DNA damage can lead to gene mutation.

为保证机体生理活动的正常进行、生命过程的延续和遗传的稳定性，生物体内形成了一整套相当完善的修复系统，可使DNA的损伤得到最大限度的修复。

The 54 accessions were classified into five major groups:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ by cluster analysis using UPGMA, which showed significant relationship with the origin regions of accessions. Genetic differentiation between and within eight eco-geographical groups of C.dactylon was estimated by Shannon's diversity index, which showed that 63.81% genetic variance existed within group, and 36.19 % genetic variance was among groups, indicating rather large genetic distances among those germplasm, and there was a correlation between genetic differentiation and eco-geographical habits among the groups.

聚类分析结果表明，52份材料可聚为5类；基于Shannon多样性指数估算了8个狗牙根生态地理类群内和类群间的遗传分化，类群内的遗传变异占总变异的63.81%，类群间的遗传变异占总变异的36.19%，表明这些抗源材料遗传差异较大，各生态地理类群间的遗传分化与其所处的生态地理环境具有一定的相关性。

Was used to cons Methods: The pSUPER plasmid cloned into RNA polymeraseⅢ H1 promoter was used to construct new vectors which can code hereditable shRNA aimed to HPV18E6/E7 gene mRNA.

采用克隆有人Ⅲ型RNA聚合酶H1启动子的pSUPER质粒，设计并构建针对HPV18E6、E7基因mRNA的、可稳定遗传的编码发夹状结构的特异性RNA干扰质粒载体。

Furthermore, out of 497 fAFLP markers, 80 special bands were found to be able to distinguish the four groups from each other and may be applied for germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification of Meretrix clam.4 Molecular classification of two species of Meretrix clam based on fAFLP and ITS sequences4.1 The results of fAFLP maker analysis of S, G and W showed that each group had their own specific loci among which there were 53 special loci in W group, much more than those of S group (14) and G group (21). Among the 53 loci, nine were all dominant loci. These unique loci could be taken as molecular markers to distinguish W from other groups. The genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between S and G groups were 0.9585 and 0.0424 respectively, but the genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between W group and S or G group was 0.7939 or 0.7941, and 0.2308 or 0.2305 respectively. The results revealed that significant difference existed between W and S or G groups in molecular genetic structure. The phylogenetic trees by the methods of UPGMA and NJ also indicated that S and G populations were very closely related, while W population was a relatively independent cluster, lying beyond the species which S and G belong to.4.2 The internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA from S group, G group and W group were PCR amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the size of ITS ranged between 1266-1269bp in W group, while those in G and S groups were 1614bp and 1520bp respectively. The GC content ranged 62.32-62.62% in W group while it was 61.77% in G group. The genetic distances between three populations of W group were 0.001～0.003, but it was 0.110 or 0.147 respectively between W group and G group or S group. Phylogenetic trees by NJ method also showed that G group was very closely related to S group, while W group was a relatively independent cluster.

在457个总扩增位点中找出了53个W的特有位点，远多于S群体(14)和G(21)群体，而且在53个特有位点中有9个出现频率为100%的位点，这些位点可以作为区分其它2个群体的特征性标记；S– G群体特有的位点有112个，其中有4个位点出现频率为100%，可作为S– G群体区别于W群体的特征性标记。S群体和G群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.9585，遗传距离只有0.0424，在NJ和UPGMA法构建的亲缘关系的树状图上均首先聚在一起，说明二者的亲缘关系很近，应属于种内群体间的关系；而W与S和G的遗传相似性系数均较小(0.7939和0.7941)，相对遗传距离很大而且十分相近(0.2308和0.2305)，在亲缘关系树状图上单独分出一支，也表明W与S和G群体间的亲缘关系较远。4.2 ITS序列比较分析通过对白壳文蛤、山东文蛤和广西文蛤的ITS序列扩增电泳、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析发现，W的ITS序列长度在1266-1269 bp，而S和与G的ITS序列总长度分别为1520 bp和1614 bp；从ITS1和ITS2长度来看，W分别为739-741 bp和316-317 bp，S为895 bp和414 bp，G为987 bp和416 bp；而从ITS碱基组成来看，W的GC含量在62.32-62.62%之间，而G群体为61.77%。W的3个壳色不同群体间的遗传距离仅0.001、0.002和0.003，S与G群体间的遗传距离是0.010，说明W群体内变异很小，而S与G群体间已出现明显的遗传分化，但还均属于种内群体间的遗传变异；而W与G和S的遗传距离分别达到0.110、0.147，两个类群差异显著，已远超出种内群体间的遗传变异。

Besides, it is consistent with the asymmetrical gene flow from monogynous to polygynous populations through males in monogyne..Therefore, the cuticular chemicals can not be cluster well between monogynous and polygynous ants, and the variance of chemicals of the latter is higher than those of the former.

由於这些化学物质的合成受到遗传影响，这种现象显示两个涵义，第一个是单蚁后社会型的工蚁对其他蚁后有强烈的排他性而造成的选汰压力导致其遗传结构上较为均质，另一个涵义显示单蚁后社会型的遗传组成可藉由雄蚁将其基因带入多蚁后社会型的遗传组成，但反之则不然；因此二者之间无法分群，且后者的遗传变异较前者为大。

Etting the discussion from the floor into action, Professor Schuh raised the question, Is the genetic potential in animal husbandry already used to its full capacity, or is there still space for improvement?

chuh 教授提出了自己的疑问：现代畜牧业是否已经将动物的遗传潜力发挥的淋漓尽致，或者是否真的还有可提高的空间？

Anticipated results of this core laboratory are to:(1) facilitate genetic epidemiological studies within the campus by means of active avocations, workshop, and collaboration;(2) help identify important genetic variants as well as contextual variables that influence the risk of metabolic syndrome in a community sample of large sample size;(3) help the gene mapping for schizophrenia by means of family-based association as well as schizophrenia-related endophenotype in non-clinical samples;(4) help train more students and research assistants who can deal with genetic epidemiology via hands-on experience; and (5) help researchers accomplish their genetic epidemiological investigation of the diseases they are interested in.

本核心实验室之预期结果为：(1)藉由主动推广、工作坊、研讨会等方式促进遗传流行病学研究；(2)对於社区样本中常见之代谢症候群，可协助找出相关的基因变异以及脉络因素；(3)藉由家族关联研究可协助对於精神分裂症基因定位分析，并探讨其内表型在非临床样本中的特性；(4)协助学生、助理亲手处理遗传流行学学分析的训练；(5)协助研究人员完成他们对於感兴趣疾病的遗传流行病学研究。

Based on the selection of similar structure, a method for predicting the rock drillability of wildcat well is proposed.

该方法首先应用已钻相似构造井的地震资料、测井资料以及岩心测试资料，建立岩石可钻性钻前预测遗传神经网络模型，然后将神经网络与遗传算法有机结合起来，以神经网络理论为基础，利用遗传算法优化隐含层神经元个数和网络连接权值，最后利用野猫井的地震资料进行岩石可钻性钻前预测。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。