可遗传的

The structures and stabilities of the ground-states for Cu13-nAgn clusters have been studied by Gupta model potential based on tight binding second moment approximation in combination with a genetic algorithm. It is found that the lowest energy structures of the pure clusters (n=0,13) are perfect icosahedron, and the structures for the bimetallic clusters (n=1～10) have stable structure which are slightly deformed with respect to the perfect icosahedron, The Cu atom prefers to occupy the center of the clusters with higher coordination numbers.

在混合团簇基态结构优化的遗传算法方案中增加了交换算子，结合Gupta紧束缚模型势研究了Cu13-nAgn团簇的最低能量结构，选择合适的交换和杂交概率，可有效地提高优化效率，优化结果表明，Cu13和Ag13是全对称的二十面体，n=1～10的混合团簇能形成稳定结构，其构型是在二十面体基础上发生畸变，Cu原子趋于处在团簇中心，随着Ag原子数目的增加，原子间的平均距离单调增加，团簇的结合能单调减小，Cu2Ag12和CuAg12只存在亚稳结构。

The question of searching characteristic points or straight lines on moving rigid body is decomposed into two relatively independent sub-questions. The first one is to evaluate the characteristic of points and straight lines on moving rigid body, whose mathematics model is a kind of special non-differential max-mini optimal problem with inequality constraints. By the method of Saddle-point Programming and maximum entropy, the problem can be transformed as a differential optimal problem with single objective. The second oner is to search approximative character points or straight lines on moving rigid body within design space, whose mathematic model is nonlinear and non-differential problem with multiple constraints.

本文将在运动刚体上寻找特征点或直线的优化问题分解为两个相对独立的子问题，一是对运动刚体上点或直线的特征性评定，其实质是平面曲线的圆度或直线度的评定问题，优化模型是以最大误差为最小作为优化目标的约束不可微的优化问题，本文采用鞍点规划和极大熵方法，将其转化为单目标可微优化模型；二是在设计空间内，寻找运动刚体上特征性评定指标最小的近似特征点或直线，其优化模型是非线性、多约束的不可微优化问题，本文提出用遗传算法和BFGS局部搜索法相结合来求解。

According to the successful experiences on transgenic animal production and animal cloning, gene targeting could be utilized in many fields including theory and application research on genomic modification (such as site-specific gene repair, genetic defect therapy, gene knockout, infaust gene modification, even the site-specific integration), improving expression level of specific gene in animal mammary gland bioreactors, and promoting the industrialization of transgenic animal production.

结合现有转基因动物和动物克隆技术方面的经验，利用基因打靶技术，开展动物基因组修饰的理论和应用研究，即可定点进行基因修复、治疗遗传缺陷、基因敲除失活不利基因，还可最终解决动物乳腺反应器存在的随机整合率高而表达率较低的问题，实现定点整合及乳腺特异表达，为转基因动物的产业化生产创造条件，代表了当今动物遗传学发展的主流方向。

Firstly, an invasive species must be invasive enough in itself or has some biological distinction, such as quantitative and qualitative differences in the genome, or patterns of recombination. Secondly, to invade successfully, a new environment for an invasive species must be invasible, and this we may call the ecological basis of invasion. An invasive species may need to establish new interactions with other species, especially those mutualistic relations such as animal related pollination, seed dispersal by animals, mycorrhizal fungi, and symbioses between plants and nitrogen fixing bacteria.

首先从其自身来说，需要有足够的入侵性，这可以认为是入侵种的生物学基础，可能表现为具有多倍性、一定的遗传变异、杂合性或表型可塑性，以及不同的交配系统等；其次一个物种的入侵成功还取决于入侵生境的可入侵性，这可以认为是入侵种的生态学基础，而新的种间关系的形成，尤其是入侵种与其他种类的互惠共生关系的建成是关键。

Asked by Medscape Oncolo gy to comment on this finding, Jayne Franklyn, MD, PhD, from Queen Elizabeth Hospital, in Birmingham, United Kingdom, who was not involved with the study, said:"This is an important study, as it involved a large number of patients with a relatively rare form of thyroid cancer, specifically looking at those with the sporadic or noninherited variety of this cancer, and it presents the intriguing possibility that the presence of the mutation is associated with a prediction of tumor behavior and therefore prognosis."

Medscape肿瘤学邀请英国伊丽莎白皇后医院的Jayne Franklyn医师对此发现进行评论，未参与此研究的Franklyn医师表示，这是一个重要的研究，因为它纳入了此一少见甲状腺癌的许多病患，特别是此癌症的偶发或者非遗传变化，且展现出突变与预后有关的可能性；此外，该研究有潜在的临床冲击，但是首先，这些发现需要有其他研究证实重现；这项研究也指出各种甲状腺癌的基因突变与基因表现可提供预后资讯的远景。

Asked by Medscape Oncology to comment on this finding, Jayne Franklyn, MD, PhD, from Queen Elizabeth Hospital, in Birmingham, United Kingdom, who was not involved with the study, said: \"This is an important study, as it involved a large number of patients with a relatively rare form of thyroid cancer, specifically looking at those with the sporadic or noninherited variety of this cancer, and it presents the intriguing possibility that the presence of the mutation is associated with a prediction of tumor behavior and therefore prognosis.\"

Medscape肿瘤学邀请英国伊丽莎白皇后医院的Jayne Franklyn医师对此发现进行评论，未参与此研究的Franklyn医师表示，这是一个重要的研究，因為它纳入了此一少见甲状腺癌的许多病患，特别是此癌症的偶发或者非遗传变化，且展现出突变与预后有关的可能性；此外，该研究有潜在的临床冲击，但是首先，这些发现需要有其他研究证实重现；这项研究也指出各种甲状腺癌的基因突变与基因表现可提供预后资讯的远景。

The usage technique of radar for high-speed ship s to prevent collision in Three Gorges reservoir;2. Research on Modeling and Simulation of High-speed Ship CPP Propulsion System;3. Based on three typical high-speed ship (high-speed monohull ship,planning hydrofoil craft,wave-piercing Catamaran),a mathematic models of high-speed ship ′s propulsion system(common screw propeller,adjustable-pitch propeller, water-jet propeller) and intelligent control system are established the simulation with the help of Matlab/Simulink is realized.

以三种典型的高速船(高速单体船、翼滑艇和穿浪艇)为例，建立了其推进(普通螺旋桨、可调螺距螺旋桨及喷水推进)系统及智能控制的数学模型，并在Matlab/Simulink上实现仿真；建立了推进系统的优化数学模型，编制了优化算法(混沌算法、遗传算法和粒子群算法)程序，实现了智能推进系统的优化设计；最后，运用Matlab/GUIDE进行界面设计，编制了高速船智能推进系统仿真与优化软件，实现了良好的人机互动。

The variation types included having characters of both eggplant and tomato, having only characters of eggplant, having only characters of tomato and having new characters differing from the parents. The results indicated that graft union tissues could be regarded as source of genetic variation.

6探索了嫁接接合部组织再生植株的变异性，观察到具有番茄和茄子双亲多种性状组合的变异类型，包括具有茄子性状的芽、番茄性状的芽、兼有番茄和茄子双亲性状的芽以及不具有番茄和茄子双亲性状的芽，说明嫁接接合部组织可作为遗传变异的来源。

The DNA double-strand in the biological system is complementary, in which a single strand contains all the genetic information. To investigate the behavior of electron transferring in the DNA double-strand, we can proceed with that in the single-strand.

生物体系中的DNA双链是互补的，其中单链上包含了有关的全部遗传信息，考察DNA双链结构中的电子转移行为可从研究其单链上的电子传递入手。

This method has improved the reusability of the code in GA on the concept level.

这种方法改变了在传统的遗传算法中各个函数之间只有参数的传递，而没有代码的继承性的状况，从概念上提高了软件的可重用性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。