可计算关系

The foundation of this system provides a good reference to promote the standardization and intelligence of the overhaul and maintenance of vacuum switches. This paper develops a special HF pulse power supply for internal pressure estimation, which achieves the output of HF-HV sinusoidal pulse wave whose frequency and amplitude can be modified respectively, and meets the design requirements according to the results of Simulink simulation and practical experiments. With the help of AT89S52, this paper designs an I~2C serial bus based signal detection system for peak value signal acquisition of HF pulse currents, which communicates with the upper computer by asynchronous serial communication for uploading the data. In the upper computer, a human computer interface is developed by Matlab software, whose functions are to do some computation and graphic display, such as calibrating the relation curve of vacuum degree and peak value of HF pulse currents, vacuum degree computation, and vacuum lifetime evaluation analysis basing on grey forecasting model as well as making relative suggestions.

本文研制了用于真空度检测的高频脉冲电源，通过Simulink仿真和试验检验其满足设计要求，实现了电压幅值和频率独立可调的正弦波高频高压脉冲输出；利用以AT89S52为核心基于I~2C串行总线的信号检测系统实现高频脉冲电流峰值信号的采集，通过异步串行通信实现单片机与计算机之间的数据通信，将检测数据传至上位机；在上位机利用Matlab开发人机交互界面，实现相关数据处理和图形显示，包括真空度——高频脉冲电流峰值关系曲线标定、真空度数值计算、基于灰色预测模型的真空寿命评估分析和提出相应决策建议。

Light spots and energy and flux distributions of bremsstrahlung have been presented.

可为选择闪烁体的种类、几何尺寸、相关信号的电路设计提供技术保障。1计算方法图1是韧致辐射光子与闪烁体关系示意图。

The initial model of the clasper binding machine was established based on conception design,and its optimization was made.The dynamics character of the clasper binding machine was analyzed base on the ADAMS,the virtual design was performed based on the SOLIDWORKS,and the stress and deformation under load was analyzed based on ANSYS.The result of the simulated analysis of virtual prototyping was verified by the experiment.

它是计算仿真技术与产品设计有机的结合，通过CAD/CAM/CAE等技术把产品的信息集成到一个可视的环境中，以实现在产品制造前就可以对整个产品进行完整的分析与方案的优化，观察并试验各组成部件的相互运动过程、受力分析、装配关系、性能特性等，使用系统仿真软件在各种虚拟环境中真实地模拟系统的运动，以便修改设计缺陷，不断改进设计方案，直至获得最优设计方案，再制造物理样机。

The results show that the most close-packed surface (111) orientation of FCC metals which have the lowest surface energies will grow preferentially, the surface energies for the all lattice surfaces increase linearly with increasing including angle between the surfaces and (111), which are consistent with the experimental and the linear muffin-tin-orbital-atomic-sphere-approximation results.

结果表明，FCC金属的密排面（111）的表面能最小，则该晶粒取向优先生长，与实验结果和第一原理的LMTO－ASA计算结果一致；各个晶面的表面能均随着其它晶面与（111）晶面的夹角的增长而呈线性增长关系，因此利用（111）面可推导出其他各面的表面能量。

Relation between geometrical contour error of inner corner and machining condition is investigated by the experimental plan of Taguchi quality design. Through the quantitative analysis, the geometrical contour error is mainly affected by wire tension and flushing pressure. By regression analysis, a mathematical model is established to estimate cutting path error of corner cutting. According to the estimated cutting path error, the program path is corrected.

研究首先以田口式品质设计实验计画法来探讨加工参数与隅角形状误差间的关系，从变异数分析的结果得知，线张力与冲水压力是对於隅角精度影响最显著因子，应用回归分析建立转角加工路径误差量估测模式，利用此模式以预测不同加工条件下隅角加工路径误差量，依据预测加工路径误差量计算轨迹补偿量，实验结果证明本文所提出轨迹补偿策略可有效提高60%之隅角加工精度。

A kind of visual prediction and analysis framework of the execution time of real-time software based on program flowchart is proposed in the paper. The key issues of implementing the framework are discussed in detail, including creating the mapping between intermediate code segment and statement line of source code, retrieving the time of any given program segment from the perspective of CPU cycles of goal machine instruct, calculating CPU cycles of statement lines of source code, point-to-point WCETC (worst case execution time calculated) analysis algorithm based on program flowchart, and transforming CPU cycle into physical time.

提出了一种基于控制流程图的程序执行时间的可视化分析框架，研究了中间代码段与源程序中语句的对应关系的自动分析、源程序语句行的CPU周期数的提取和计算方法、基于控制流程图的点到点最大时间分析算法和CPU周期的绝对时间估计方法。

The numerical results indicated that the mixing time decreases about linearly with increasing current intensity. The mixing time decreases first then increases with increasing current frequency and comes up to its minimum value at 30Hz. Applying the traveling magnetic field to the uptake or downtake when the exciting current intensity is 200 A at 10 Hz, the mixing time can be shortened by 9%~17%. With the operating conditions kept unchanged, shorter mixing time is available if applying the traveling magnetic field to the uptake instead of downtake, and the time can be shortened by 18%~26% if applying the magnetic field to both the uptake and downtake. Moreover, the mixing time decreases with increasing argon blowing flowrate, and the time comes down to its minimum value if the argon blowing flowrate is 1 600 NL/min. After the moment, the mixing time increases with argon blowing flowrate.

计算结果表明：混匀时间随电流强度的增大而减小，并且近似成线性关系；混匀时间随电流频率的增加先减小后增大，并且在30Hz 时达到极小值；在励磁电流强度为200A ，频率为10Hz 的条件下，在上升管或下降管施加行波磁场混匀时间可缩短9%~17%；在相同操作条件下，在上升管处施加行波磁场混匀时间小于在下降管施加行波磁场的混匀时间；同时在上升管和下降管施加行波磁场，混匀时间可缩短18%~26%；混匀时间随吹氩量的增大而减小，在吹氩量为1600NL/min 时混匀时间达到极小值，吹氩量继续增大时，混匀时间反而增大。

The results show that the equations have benefit to the deduction of the pantograph's mechanical differential equations.

研究结果表明：利用升角与升弓高之间的关系，可简化受电弓运动微分方程的推导；应用所建立的力学模型、实测数据以及简化公式可更准确地分析和计算弓网系统的力学行为。

It introduces a kind of novel loading test system, based on the operation principle of damper. this loading system is operated by the driving motor. it realizes the loading, in that the damper has a negative drive force that puts on the motor. Based on the ordinary electromagnetic damper, the thesis presents a novel hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper which has adjustable work characteristic, analyses the working principle and structural feature of the electromagnetic damper, deduces the formulas to calculate the eddy current density through the Electromagnetic theory, analyses the distribution of the eddy current in the cotyloid rotor, and also studies the method of calculating the damp torque, establishes the mathematical model of the electromagnetic damper, analyses the relationship between the electromagnetic damper structural parameter and damp torque, researches the engineering design and analysis method of the electromagnetic damper, provides theory foundation for the design and analysis of the electromagnetic damper, contrives a hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper that satisfies the target request, designs a set of compound excitation electromagnetic damping loading control system whose control core is AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit, analyses the electric circuit part, and carries on the experimental test to this set of electric circuits. Finally it debugs this electromagnetic damping loading system, this system satisfies the target request proposed.

论文提出了一个全新的加载测试系统种类，该加载系统是在阻尼器工作原理基础上，利用电动机拖动阻尼器运转，从而阻尼器产生一个与运动方向相反的阻尼力矩，该力矩作用在电动机上实现对电动机加载测试；同时，论文在一般电磁阻尼器基础上提出了一种新型的可调式复合励磁电磁阻尼器结构，该种阻尼器的工作特性在一定范围内可进行调节；论文分析了电磁阻尼器的工作原理和结构特点，运用电磁场理论分析推导了电磁阻尼器的涡电流密度公式，分析了涡电流在转子杯内的分布图，并对阻尼力矩计算方法进行了研究，建立了电磁阻尼器的数学模型，分析了电磁阻尼器结构参数和阻尼力矩之间的关系，对电磁阻尼器的设计和分析方法进行了研究，为电磁阻尼器的工程设计建立了理论基础；设计了满足技术指标要求的复合励磁电磁阻尼器和一套以AT89C51单片机为控制核心的复合励磁电磁阻尼加载控制系统，对该控制系统硬件电路各部分进行了分析和设计，对软件进行了设计，并对控制电路进行了试验调试，该系统满足所提出的加载指标要求。

Based on this context, this paper applies CCM to assess the accessibility of public bus network by introducing multiple bus lines in the certain road sections and considering the spatial distribution of population being assigned to each bus stop. The bulk bus line demand, as the substitution of original BLD, is therefore used to reflect the people,s convenience in taking public buses.

基于道路容量需求与可达性所表征的交通便捷程度意义相反的关系，以地面公交线网为对象，在已知城市人口分布的条件下，考虑公交线路重复数的影响，对CCM加以改进，提出通过计算公共交通线路容量需求来评价地面公交线网可达性的方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。