可计算

The results point out that the vertical wall rock pressure takes on pinnacle distribution or uniform distribution, and that horizontal pressure takes on entasis distribution.

分析指出，垂直方向围岩压力计算图式可采用均匀分布或"尖峰"形分布，水平方向围岩压力计算图式可采用"鼓肚子"形分布。

Topics covered include: programming and computability theory based on a term-rewriting,"substitution" model of computation by Scheme programs with side-effects; computation as algebraic manipulation: Scheme evaluation as algebraic manipulation and term rewriting theory; paradoxes from self-application and introduction to formal programming semantics; undecidability of the Halting Problem for Scheme; properties of recursively enumerable sets, leading to Incompleteness Theorems for Scheme equivalences; logic for program specification and verification; and Hilbert's Tenth Problem.

其所包含的主题：程序和运算理论是基于根据算数和具有一些副作用的计划纲要的条款重写和"代入"模式之上的、关于代数学计算的算数：关于代数学计算和术语重写理论的评价方案作计划、应用程序自己和说明的自相矛盾到形式上的程序语义、关于计划Halting 问题的不可判定性、可递归可列举集合的属性、导致对于等同计划的不完整规则、对于逻辑和证明程序的规范和Hilbert的第十问题。

The approach of computational simulation is the finite element method.The whole research is combined by the following three parts. In part one, a program on quadtree method is compiled. It can automatically generate planar structures with all-quadrangular, good quality elements in high speed, and it can create data files on information of elements and nodes, which provide the foundation for finite element analysis. In part two, a program on finite element calculation is compiled by object-oriented method, During the simulation of fracture, the displacement and stress are calculated by the program.

本文的工作可分为三大部分：第一部分编制了四叉树法程序，通过它可对平面结构进行单元离散，快速自动生成质量较好的全四边形单元，并获得离散后的单元信息和节点信息，为有限元计算打下基础；第二部分利用面向对象方法编制了有限元计算程序，在破坏模拟过程中，利用它进行位移、应力分析；第三部分对脆性材料的破坏过程进行了模拟。

Where is a partial loss of goods, merchandise, or other moveables, the measure of indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is as follows:（1）Where part of the goods, merchandise or other moveables insured by a valued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the sum fixed by the policy as the insurable value of the part lost bears to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained as in the case of an unvalued policy:(2) Where part of the goods, merchandise, or other moveables insured by an unvalued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is the insurable value of the part lost, ascertained as in case of total loss:(3) Where the whole or any part of the goods or merchandise insured has been delivered damaged at its destination, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the sum fixed by the policy in the case of the valued policy, or of the insurable value in the case of an unvalued policy, as the difference between the gross sound and damaged values at the place of arrival bears to the gross sound value:(4)"Gross value" means the wholesale price, or, if there be no such price, the estimated value, with, in either case, freight, landing charges, and duty paid beforehand; provided that, in the case of goods or merchandise customarily sold in bond, the bonded price is deemed to be the gross value.

货物、商品或者其他动产发生部分损失的，除保险单另有明文规定外，赔偿范围如下：(1)如果定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为保险单确定的保险金额中的比例部分，该比例为灭失部分的可保价值占全部可保价值的比例部分。可保价值的确定与不定值保险相同；(3)若不定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为损失部分的可保价值，可保价值的确定与全损时相同；(4)如果被保险货物或商品的全部或者一部分以受损状态运抵目的地，赔偿范围以完好毛值与受损价值的差额占完好毛值的比例计算，在定值保险单情况下，是保险单确定的金额的该比例部分，或者，在不定值保险单情况下，是可保价值的该比例部分；(5)"毛值"是指货物的批发价格，如果没有这种价格，则是货物的估计价值，不论哪一种情况，再加上已预先付讫的运费、卸货费和关税之后的价值；但是，如果货物或商品按惯例在关仓出售，那么关仓价格就视为毛值。

The proportion of tax burden of every group consumer to that of the consumer of lowest level income combined with the proportion of governable income of every group consumer to that of the consumer of lowest level income decide the progression of the taxation.

计算每组消费者可支配收入与最低收入消费者可支配收入的比，再计算每组消费者承担的税负与最低收入消费者承担税负的比，两组比例对比可以确定税收的累进或累退程度。

Since the varies of gun attitude angle and the vertical vector of the homograph plane are one-to-one, all the elements of modulation gun can be transformed into the calculation of the vertical vector angle, which avoids the calculation accuracy loss of the traditional approach under the condition of the tiny attitude angle disturbance.

由于火炮姿态角变化与相应平面的法向量是一一对应的，从而可将调炮诸元转化为法向量夹角来计算，这样可避免传统方案在微小姿态角扰动情形下导致的计算精度可能的损失。

In the research to demand of International reserves,first, according to the affective character of demand to transition of International reserves, choosing the decision theory of Markov and dynamic transition equation as basic model, the paper has set up two transition methods--- stationary matrix and dynamic matrix, the later matrix has improved the sensitive reaction to time and velocity. Second, combining with knowledge of linear algebra, the paper has analyzed and testified the positive associated relation between transition matrix elements on main diagonal and the convergent speed of system, and explained why international reserves transition embodies the character under new situation and why the transition process can be accelerated by the strike of international idle money. Third,on the quantitative calculating to elements of transition matrix,referring to multiplication theory and decomposing-composing method of system, the paper has transformed main three-factor deciding confidence of international monetary into detail modulus by comparing analysis measure,now the matrix has been decided.

在国际储备的需求分析研究中，本文首先选择马尔可夫转移方程作为基础模型，根据需求对外汇储备结构的影响特点，提出非定常转移矩阵变换方法，拓展了马尔可夫变换对时间和速度的敏感性；结合线性代数知识，分析证明了定常转移矩阵的主对角线元素值的大小与系统的收敛速度的正向关联关系，并利用结论解释了国际货币新动向下外汇储备转换表现出的趋势特点以及国际游资冲击对国际货币结构变化的加速影响；在转移矩阵元素的量化计算上，本文参考乘数理论和系统分解合成原理，采用对比分析方法把影响国际货币信心的三大要素综合量化为转移偏好系数，然后根据转移偏好系数确定转移矩阵的元素值，其中还分别具体给出了定常转移矩阵和非定常转移矩阵的计算方法及在变换中的使用方法，从而不仅在定量分析上应证了定性分析结论，而且反映了随时间变化的美圆、欧元、日圆的比例结构均衡过程。

Firstly, the stope vacancy was monitored using CMS, taking cavity measured data as foundation, cavity three-dimensional model of the stope opening was created using Surpac software and gain the stope three-dimensional configuration and the actual boundary accurately. Then, the stope designed model and ore-rock interface digital terrain model were established according to the stope design material. Finally, using ore-rock interface DTM to cut cavity model or through Boolean calculation among the models, ore remains, mining total volume, mullock, backfilling, pure ore and dilution rate of stope N3-4 were calculated accurately, thus the large-scale stope mining index visible calculation was realized effectively.

采用CMS探测三维采场空区，以空区实测数据为基础运用Surpac构建采空区三维可视化模型，获取采场空区的三维形态和实际边界；运用采场设计资料，建立采场回采设计模型及矿岩边界模型，通过模型间的布尔运算，计算出采场存留矿量、回采总体积、采下废石量、采下充填体量、采下纯矿石量、回采总量及回采贫化率等，从而有效地实现了大规模采场回采指标的可视化计算。

As a result of case study in Haidian district, Beijing, the accuracy rate of vegetation fraction estimation by using "dense vegetation model" and "nondense vegetation model" synchronously based on land cove classification is obtained about 75.4%, which is 5.8% higher than that of using "dense vegetation model" only.

根据TM像元为非均一混合像元的特点，提出了基于土地覆盖分类的综合运用"等密度模型"和"非密度模型"计算植被覆盖率的方法，通过对北京市海淀市区的植被覆盖率计算表明，该方法的估算精度可达75.4%，比单纯使用等密度亚像元模型在估算精度上可提高5.8%。

Direct calculation is also presented in scantling determination, which required in larger or more complex vessels, to confirm the adequacy of the formula based scantlings, and to give reduced scantlings, especially when optimization routines are incorporated.

对于大型和复杂的船体结构也可采用直接计算法来决定构件的尺度，以保证尺度计算公式的准确性，特别是当采用优化程序时，还可得到更小的尺度结果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。