可观测的

For evaluating the security of cryptographic device in the risk environment full of electromagnetic analysis adversaries,by enhancing the adversary's ability in the classical cryptographic black box model, two novel adversaries,the key recover adversary and the indistinguishability determined adversary who takes the advantage of electromagnetic emissions,were defined within the framework of physical observable cryptography model.

为在充斥电磁分析旁路攻击敌手的危险环境下评估密码设备的安全性，通过将密码学标准黑盒模型中的敌手能力进行加强，在物理可观测密码术模型的框架内，定义了具有电磁泄漏信息分析能力的密钥恢复敌手与不可分辫性判定敌手。

In order to prove the accuracy of GPS observation, water vapor radiometers were used to observe together with GPS. Comparison between WVR and GPS observations at different sites and times shows that rootmeansquare error is less than 4 mm. Therefore, the slant path water vapor amount can be accurately retrieved using this method, which is suited for nearly realtime remote sensing and detection of the atmosphere.

为验证GPS观测结果精度，用微波辐射计与GPS一起进行了联合观测，不同观测地点和时间的对比结果表明，二者rootmeansquare误差小于4mm，证明应用此种方法地基GPS可较精确地反演出倾斜路径方向大气水汽总量，而且这种反演方法适合于近实时大气遥感探测。

A new observability evaluation algorithm based on Factored Use-Def chains is provided. It represents data dependence information of Verilog RTL codes by FUD chains. Furthermore, it enhances capability of FUD chains, by usingφ-terms to track running behavior of programs.

提出了一种新的基于FUD链的可观测性评估算法，即，利用数据流分析中的FUD链来表征Verilog RTL代码的数据依赖信息，并拓展了原始FUD链的功能，使用其中的φ-term来追踪Verilog RTL代码动态执行的轨迹。

The methods of theory analyses and digital simulation have been used in this thesis and several schemes of strapdown guidance law based on analyzing the performance of several classical guidance laws have also been present according to the characteristics of strapdown Anti-Radiation homing seeker. The stapdown guidance systems were built for a certain Anti-Radiation missile, adopting acceleration autopilot and the attitude autopilot, and the paper has focus on analyzing the performance of low frequency strapdown Anti-Radiation homing seeker. The Approaches of lead correction and dead-zone relay control were given to improve the guidance precision, and also the increasable observability law was attempt and validate.

本文采用理论分析和仿真实验相结合的方法，在对经典制导律进行理论分析和验证的基础上，针对捷联反辐射导引头的特点，提出了捷联制导律多种设计方案，并以某型反辐射导弹为应用背景，分别采用姿态角反馈自动驾驶仪和过载反馈自动驾驶仪构造了捷联制导系统，重点基于反辐射导引头的低频端特性，开展了捷联制导律的导引性能对比分析工作，提出了应用超前校正和带死区继电控制提高制导精度的方法，并对提高可观测性的捷联制导算法的实现思路进行了尝试和验证。

Using maximal ancestral graph models, this paper characterizes the independencies and causal structure of the observed variables and provides an algorithm for causal inference using observational data.

作者利用在观测变量上构造的最大祖先图模型刻画观测变量间的独立性关系和因果结构，并提出了具体的实现算法，从而可由观测数据来推断这类不完全观测下的部分因果关系。

The data observed during the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project from 1983 to 2001 demonstrates the slight decrease of total cloud amount and the obvious increase of total cloud water path in most of China, which means the cloud property has changed, and the cloud becomes more opaque. These cloud changes show the precipitable water in atmosphere has an increasing trend, and the earth_atmosphere system becomes moister year by year.

分析1983～2001年间国际卫星云气候计划观测的资料得出，我国大部分地区的总云量保持微小的减少趋势而总云水路径处于明显的增加趋势，这表明云变得更不透明了，它的物理属性发生了明显的变化；预示着大气可降水量有逐年增加的趋势，地气系统变得更湿润。

An Kalman filter positioning algorithm applied in "BeiDou" and INS integrated navigation system is proposed. then, the observability、controllability and stability of it is ratiocinated and analyzed. The observability of every state is analyzed.

针对北斗卫星定位系统和惯性导航系统设计组合导航卡尔曼滤波定位算法，接着对算法的可控性和可观性进行了分析，并分析了各个状态的可观测性；从稳定性的定义出发提出并推导了分析卡尔曼滤波器稳定性的方法，并用来分析了本文算法的稳定性和渐进稳定性。

Furthermore, the algorithm exhibits robuster in the situation that the object is partially occluded, rotated and shape distorted. A vision-based human motion recognition method is introduced in this paper. A modified shape context method named area-based shape context is used to describe the shape. Then continuous hidden markov models are built to model the human motions, and Bayesian criterion is used to classify them.

本文的行为识别算法是建立在对人体行为观测的基础上的，用一种改进的基于人体区域的形状上下文技术表示人体轮廓形状，通过对训练样本集进行学习，利用最佳状态数估计法建立连续隐马尔可夫模型之后，利用贝叶斯判别准则，实现了对人体行为如走、跑、双脚合拢跳跃、单脚跳跃和侧向跳跃五种行为的识别。

Finally, in additional to the comparison of results derived by PPP and DGPS, they were all compared to Anping tide gauge records as well. The aim of this study is the analysis of height variations provided by different methodologies. Comparing to Anping tide gauge records, the differences in height variations can achieve 4.5 cm with DGPS; 6 cm with final product; 10 cm with rapid product; 25 cm with ultra-rapid product; 1~2 m with ultra-rapid product.

实验中也搜集了安平潮位站的潮位资料，故也将此资料与GPS浮标高程方向定位成果进行比较，而研究中将著重於高程变化量之分析，假设潮位仪观测海水面高程变化量为参考解，由实验结果可发现差分相对定位椭球高变化量均方根误差之平均值约4.5公分；使用最终产品时椭球高变化量均方根误差之平均值可以达到6公分以内；使用快速产品时椭球高变化量均方根误差之平均值可以达到10公分以内；使用超快速产品观测部分於观测环境理想时椭球高变化量均方根误差之平均值可以达到25公分左右；使用超快速产品预估部分时椭球高变化量均方根误差之平均值约1~2公尺。

In this study, six campaigns around Anping tide gauge, Tainan, were successfully performed and the collected GPS buoy data were processed with four types of precise ephemeris provided by IGS, including final product, rapid product, ultra-rapid product and ultra-rapid product with the use of PPP technique. Comparing the PPP results with DGPS, the differences reach 3~5 cm in the horizontal and 10 cm in the vertical with final product; 6~8 cm in the horizontal and 15 cm in the vertical with rapid product; 15~20 cm in the horizontal and 30~40 cm in the vertical with ultra-rapid product; 2~3 m in the horizontal and 3~4 m in the vertical with ultra-rapid product. In addition, the collected data were also processed by DGPS techniques using different reference stations to analyze the effect of various baselines. The results show that accuracy degrades when the baselines increase.

本研究在台南安平潮位站旁进行6次GPS浮标施测，首先利用与GPS浮标距离不同之GPS参考主站来进行差分定位，分析基线距离对GPS浮标定位成果的影响，由实验结果可得出基线越长则定位准确度越低；再以IGS提供之最终产品、快速产品、超快速产品(Ultra-Rapid product)之观测部分observed half、超快速产品(Ultra-Rapid product)之预估部分四种不同发布延迟时间的精密星历与精密时表改正资料对GPS浮标进行精密单点定位解算，与传统差分相对定位方法定位结果进行比较后，得出使用最终产品之平面方向均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error， RMSE)可达3~5公分，而高程方向均方根误差可达10公分；快速产品之平面方向均方根误差可达6~8公分，而高程方向均方根误差可达15公分；超快速产品观测部分之平面方向均方根误差可达15~20公分，而高程方向均方根误差可达30~40公分；超快速产品预估部分之平面方向均方根误差可达2~3公尺，而高程方向均方根误差可达3~4公尺。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。