可观测的

Study on application and simulation of Kalman filter technology in SINS Because Kalman filter some merits, such as provided a fast and accurate method for SINS, adopting it to do initial alignment in this paper. The Kalman filter theory is introduced and the dynamic error vector equation of the initial alignment is derived at the first. Using velocity error as exterior value of observation, maneuverable characteristic that is influenced with system's observability and its degree is studied at length by do amount of simulations and experiences.

首先介绍了卡尔曼滤波理论及相关技术，建立了系统卡尔曼滤波的状态方程和观测方程；首先采用速度误差作为观测值，详尽的研究了系统机动特性对可观测性和可观测度的影响，并做了大量仿真实验：通过对滤波原理的分析研究了影响的原因；分别选用加速度计输出误差和转台输出姿态角误差作为外部观测值，推导建立它们的观测模型，并通过仿真证明了分析结论的正确性。

Theoretical calculation shows the anomaly of reservoir tidal gravity is measured at μGal level, while the measured data shows the observation error of such tidal gravity at 10-μGal level. This indicates that the data noise may well disguise real anomalies, and therefore that the lack of measured anomaly data does not necessarily equate to the lack of oil and gas reservoir underneath. The actual observed tidal gravity anomaly can reach tens of μGal. Though it is more than three times the observation error, we can not attribute it to the reservoir-induced tidal gravity anomaly.

理论计算表明，油藏潮汐重力异常在微伽量级，而实际资料表明潮汐重力的观测误差为10 μGal量级，油藏潮汐重力异常可能会被噪声淹没，所以没有观测到潮汐重力异常不等于地下没有油气；实际观测的潮汐重力异常可达数十μGal，即使超过观测误差的3倍，也不能将它直接归因于油藏产生的潮汐重力异常。

Factor analysis is a very popular multivariate statistical analysis method. It can summarize some unobservable factors from the test results which can summarize most of the observed data. The factor analysis suggest the DP, furfuran and CO_X can be divided into insulation aging factor, while the hydrocarbon gas and hydrogen were divided into another group which can be called insulation fault factor. The result of the factor analysis

因子分析作为一种常用的多元统计分析方法，可从众多可观测变量中，概括和推论出少数不可观测的潜变量，用最少的因子去概括和解释大量的观测事实；本文将试验过程中90℃下油中溶解气体、绝缘聚合度、糠醛等参量进行因子分析，结果表明：绝缘聚合度、糠醛、CO_x被分为一类，代表绝缘老化因子：烃类、氢气、被分为一类，代表绝缘故障因子；因子分析结果与现场经验一致，相互印证，具有重要意义。

So they are cleared up. The precision and velocity of initial alignment are decided by the precision and velocity of the value of the state variables.

而估计的精度和速度又由系统的可观测性所决定，故初始对准的速度和精度在很大程度上由系统的可观测性所决定。

It consists of a hidden Markov process and an observation process.

它包括一个不被直接观测的马尔可夫过程和一个与之相关的可观测过程。

Each model consists of a Hidden Markov process and an observation process.

它包括一个不被直接观测的马尔可夫过程和一个与之相关的可观测过程。

Then, based on the observability of SINS/GPS integrated system it has been concluded that the observability of the attitude errors of the integrated system is very poor, and the nonsingular condition of the obervability matrix has been given by means of the theoretical analysis.

首先建立起捷联惯导系统与全球定位系统相组合系统的数学模型，从研究SINS／GPS组合系统的可观测性出发，通过理论分析得出了组合系统姿态角误差可观测性很差的结论，并给出使可观测阵满秩的条件。

Based on Pseudo-linearization and least square methods, the bearings-only target motion problem was studied under the conditions that the target takes uniform rectilinear motion in 2-dimensional space, the single observer takes uniform rectilinear motion first, and then takes rectilinear motion with constant acceleration. The necessary and sufficient observable conditions, some unobservable conditions are gained.

基于拟线性处理和最小二乘方法，在目标作匀速直线运动，单观测站作匀速直线运动，进而作匀加速直线运动的机动情形下，研究了二维纯方位系统的可观测性，得到了系统可观测性的充要条件以及系统的某些不可观测的条件。

And three main steps of all subspace algorithms are explored. First, using an LQ-decomposition, the projection of the row space of specific data Hankel matrices is calculated. Next, the SV-decomposition of the projection is calculated to directly lead to the observability matrices and a Kalman filter estimation of the state sequences.

概括了子空间辨识算法的三个主要运算步骤：首先由LQ分解计算特定Hankel矩阵的行空间投影；再对该投影进行SVD，获取系统的可观测矩阵及状态序列的Kalman滤波器估计；最后由可观测矩阵和／或估计的状态序列确定系统矩阵。

The relations between prediction accuracy and prediction models, observable arc and the sampling datum for short- and long-term prediction are computed and analyzed, using the running data of different type satellite clocks in continuous and incontinuous measurement status.

讨论了原子钟时间预报模型，针对三种不同类型的GPS卫星钟，在连续观测和不连续观测两种情况下，计算分析了短期预报和长期预报中预报方法、可观测弧段和采用数据量与预报精度的关系。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。