可标记的

The diagnosable rate of the genetic markers and their combinations have been calculated according to the polymorphism distribution data of the seven genetic markers in Chinese population.

又据各遗传标记及其组合的可诊断率，我们可以对：(1)所作出产前诊断的可诊断率进行预先评价；(2)选择适合于中国人群β地中海贫血产前诊断的最佳策略。

QDs technology is one kind of no-harm, trace amount, visual technology which can be used to living body dynamic analysis and check, and new medicine screen μm fluorescent lables. QDs has application prospect in the field such as basic science research of sport human body science, harmless diagnosis and precaution for athletic hurt, genic stimulant examine, Chinese traditional medicine for eliminating fatigue caused by athletics, modern screen of new medicine.

QDs是一种无伤害、微量、可视化、可用于生物体活体动态分析与检测和新药筛选的纳米级荧光标记材料和技术，在运动人体科学基础科学研究、运动损伤的无创伤诊断与预防和基因兴奋剂的检测、中医药消除运动性疲劳手段、方法和药物的现代化筛选研究等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

Radioautography indicated that there was a radioactive bright point, the binding rate of 125I labeled AMH with tumor cells reached 100％. Conclusions AMH can be served as a specific tumor marker in the diagnosis of difficult and complicated tumors of ovary, and in the diagnosis,treatment and follow-up survey of the early GCT.

AMH可作为一种特异性的肿瘤标记物；可用于卵巢疑难肿瘤的鉴别诊断以及早期卵巢GCT的诊断；有可能成为卵巢GCT治疗和随访的观察指标。

The Ins stimulated reversible phosphorylatiome modification of proteome in neuron maybe overall and dynamically analyed,so as to find corresponding protein difference, and its preliminary qualitative analysis may be done by isotope labeling,dielectrophoresis,and radioautography,combining with bioinformatics technology.

采用同位素标记、双向电泳、放射自显影结合生物信息技术可对Ins刺激神经元中的蛋白质可逆磷酸化修饰进行较为全面、动态的分析，寻找出相应的差异蛋白，并可进行初步的定性分析。

Usingthis method, the GSH content of Rana nigromaculata tadpoles under different concentrationsof Na2SeO4 and Na2SeO3 were measured. The induce of selenate to the content of GSH intadpoles makes its variation has well time-effect and dose-effect relationship. Thesephenomena demonstrate that GSH is smart to the exposure of selenate, and therefore can beused as a sensitive index to selenate pollution.

采用本法测定黑斑蛙蝌蚪在Na_2SeO_4和Na_2SeO_3不同浓度不同时间暴露染毒下机体GSH含量，硒盐对蝌蚪GSH的诱导使其变化具有较好的时间-效应及剂量-效应特征而表现应激反应提示蝌蚪GSH可对硒盐暴露作出快速灵敏的反应可作为监测硒污染的敏感生物标记。

Furthermore, out of 497 fAFLP markers, 80 special bands were found to be able to distinguish the four groups from each other and may be applied for germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification of Meretrix clam.4 Molecular classification of two species of Meretrix clam based on fAFLP and ITS sequences4.1 The results of fAFLP maker analysis of S, G and W showed that each group had their own specific loci among which there were 53 special loci in W group, much more than those of S group (14) and G group (21). Among the 53 loci, nine were all dominant loci. These unique loci could be taken as molecular markers to distinguish W from other groups. The genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between S and G groups were 0.9585 and 0.0424 respectively, but the genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between W group and S or G group was 0.7939 or 0.7941, and 0.2308 or 0.2305 respectively. The results revealed that significant difference existed between W and S or G groups in molecular genetic structure. The phylogenetic trees by the methods of UPGMA and NJ also indicated that S and G populations were very closely related, while W population was a relatively independent cluster, lying beyond the species which S and G belong to.4.2 The internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA from S group, G group and W group were PCR amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the size of ITS ranged between 1266-1269bp in W group, while those in G and S groups were 1614bp and 1520bp respectively. The GC content ranged 62.32-62.62% in W group while it was 61.77% in G group. The genetic distances between three populations of W group were 0.001～0.003, but it was 0.110 or 0.147 respectively between W group and G group or S group. Phylogenetic trees by NJ method also showed that G group was very closely related to S group, while W group was a relatively independent cluster.

在457个总扩增位点中找出了53个W的特有位点，远多于S群体(14)和G(21)群体，而且在53个特有位点中有9个出现频率为100%的位点，这些位点可以作为区分其它2个群体的特征性标记；S– G群体特有的位点有112个，其中有4个位点出现频率为100%，可作为S– G群体区别于W群体的特征性标记。S群体和G群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.9585，遗传距离只有0.0424，在NJ和UPGMA法构建的亲缘关系的树状图上均首先聚在一起，说明二者的亲缘关系很近，应属于种内群体间的关系；而W与S和G的遗传相似性系数均较小(0.7939和0.7941)，相对遗传距离很大而且十分相近(0.2308和0.2305)，在亲缘关系树状图上单独分出一支，也表明W与S和G群体间的亲缘关系较远。4.2 ITS序列比较分析通过对白壳文蛤、山东文蛤和广西文蛤的ITS序列扩增电泳、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析发现，W的ITS序列长度在1266-1269 bp，而S和与G的ITS序列总长度分别为1520 bp和1614 bp；从ITS1和ITS2长度来看，W分别为739-741 bp和316-317 bp，S为895 bp和414 bp，G为987 bp和416 bp；而从ITS碱基组成来看，W的GC含量在62.32-62.62%之间，而G群体为61.77%。W的3个壳色不同群体间的遗传距离仅0.001、0.002和0.003，S与G群体间的遗传距离是0.010，说明W群体内变异很小，而S与G群体间已出现明显的遗传分化，但还均属于种内群体间的遗传变异；而W与G和S的遗传距离分别达到0.110、0.147，两个类群差异显著，已远超出种内群体间的遗传变异。

Gpd, Ce, Mod, Gpi and ES can be used as the biochemical genetic markers for evaluation of different outbred stock zebratlsh.

Gpd、Ce、Mod、Gpi、ES可作为3种封闭群斑马鱼群间评价的生化标记，通过进一步研究，可建立封闭群斑马鱼的遗传标准。

These results indicated that the 1600 bp band derives from CMS mtDNA and can be used as a RAPD marker to distinguish A and B plants at seedling stage,and the bands other than the 1600 bp can be used to distinguish WA and DA cytoplasms.

这些结果表明1600bp带源于线粒体DNA，可用作苗期鉴别不育系和保持系的RAPD标记；1600bp以外的带可用于鉴别野败细胞质和矮败细胞质。

The result would be used in tobacco breeding.4 SRAP technology is used to study the genetic differences among different types of tobacco, including flue-cured tobacco, oriental tobacco, maryland tobacco, burley tobacco, and air/sun cured tobacco, five pairs of primer combinations which can amplify characteristic bands has been screened. Among the five combinations, two of them (SF25*SR2 and SF3*SR26) can distinguish air-cured tobacco including maryland tobacco and Burley tobacco from the other cultivated forms; SF20*SR14 can distinguish sun cured tobacco including oriental tobacco and sun-cured tobacco; SF16*SR14 can distinguish flue-cured tobacco and air-cured tobacco, and SF22*SR14 can distinguish DBJ599 with specisl aroma and the other flue-cured tobacco.5 8 varieties , which represent the different types of tobacco, are divided into 3 groups. I: G-28, II:DBJ599、MD40、By21, III: Basma、Sumsun、XNS、QCT. The cluster analysis result es consistant with experience evatuation.6 Anorthogonal design was used to optimize a ILP-PCR system with 5 factors (DNA, Mg2+, dNTP, primer and Taq polymerase) at 4 levels.The result showed the optimized ILP-PCR system for Nicotiana tabacum L. was: 2uL10×PCRbuffer, 20ng template DNA, Mg2+ 2.0mmol/L, dNTP 150umol/L, primer 0.3umol/L, Taq DNA polymerase 1 U in a total of 20uL reactionsolution.

研究结果可作为烤烟与香料烟类型间的杂种鉴定利用的实验与理论依据。4、利用SRAP标记技术，研究和分析了烤烟、晒烟、晾烟、白肋烟、香料烟等不同栽培类型间的基因型差异，初步筛选出了能够在分子水平上反映不同烟草类型差异的特征性标记带：晾烟MD40、Ky17、Burley21、TN90基因型共有的特征带有两对引物组合，分别为SF25*SR2和SF3*SR26；晒烟小牛舌、青梗、小花青和香料烟Sumsun、komotini Basma、Xanthi Basma共有的特征带引物组合为SF20*SR14；NC89、K326、G-28、大白筋和MD40、Ky17、Burley21、TN90共有的特征带引物组合为SF16*SR14，烤烟中大白筋599的特征带引物组合SF22*SR14.5、利用61对SRAP引物组合，研究了普通烟草不同类型间的亲缘关系，将普通烟草类型间8个不同供试材料划分为3类别。I：烤烟类型G-28II：白肋烟类型(MD40、By21、大白筋599III：香料烟类型(Basma、Sumsun、小牛舌、千层塔)。

As PTDT does in threshold traits, PTDT is valid not only for different QTL effect level, but also for maker with multiple alleles and multiple tightly linked markers.(2) Under an appropriate selection ratio s (in this study, s is 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, respectively), the power of PTDT can be improved and the genotying individuals can be decreased using selective genotyping design. However, the power of PTDT is related with population size and population structure, an appropriate selection ratio can be defined by simulation based on the existing data.(3) Among the three transforming methods, mixed-family selection is the best, full-sib selection has same power to mixed-family selection in many parameter combinations, and Estimated Breeding Value selection is inferior to them.

数量性状QTL定位的模拟研究结果表明：(1)数量性状经有效转化后，PTDT对数量性状QTL定位保持了阈性状QTL定位的稳健与高效，对不同效应大小的QTL(10％，30％，50％)PTDT都是一个有效的分析方法；(2)在多等位基因标记、多标记方面，PTDT的检验功效与阐性状分析时一样高效；(3)在合适的选择率下(本研究的分别为0.2，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0)，选择性基因型测定不仅可以减少基因型测定的数量，而且可以提高PTDT的检验功效，但选择性基因型测定的PTDT检验功效很大程度上与群体大小和结构有关，这个可根据具体情况通过模拟找到一个合适的选择率；(4)三种转化方法的转化效力结果表明，家系内混合家系选择的转化效力最高，家系内全同胞选择次之，估计育种值选择的转化效力较差。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。