可改变的

Using the adjoint operator of PW, nine sites'PWs are successfully assimilated into the initial condition and altered the initial temperature, water vapor and wind field. The change varies with variable fields and pressure levels.

本文利用开发的用于同化可降水量和天顶延迟的模式，成功地将9个站点的大气可降水量的分布及变化信息同化到初始场中，从而使初始场在湿度场、温度场和风场方面较同化前得到改变，这种改变在不同变量场、各个层次上变化的大小和形势是不相同的。

It was found that the change of surface potential of the purple membrane resulting from acetylation induced the change of local protein conformation Which could be delocalized all over the protein to a great extent and affected the nature of binding sites of retinal and the structure of the retinal chromophore.

结果表明：酰化引起的表面电位的改变诱导了蛋白局部构象的改变。这种改变在很大程度上离域到整个蛋白分子中而影响了视黄醛结合位点的性质及生色团的结构，从而导致可观察的光谱变化。

And it is proved the accuracy of design of the jet pump can be improved by applying the virtual design method.

若要改变某些零件结构尺寸，可改变与此尺寸有约束关系的参数，而不改变整个设计方案。

The study also investigates two types of planform modifications: 1. tapered vanes; 2. forward-swept and aft-swept vanes. The results show that with the same surface areas, forward-swept vanes and tapered vanes with constant height and larger length are able to improve the function on sediment control.

本研究同时探讨板顶束缩及板顶前后倾两种板形的改变，结果显示在固定面积的情况下，板高固定与板长改变的板顶束缩及板顶前倾两种形状的改变可增进潜板的效能，在决定潜板形状时，可参照二者的变化加以评估。

The dimmer control circuit comprises: three-end bidirectional controllable silicon switch element, comprising grid and turned on by trigger signal of the grid, connecting to AC power supply through lamp load; and a first variable resistor, possessing adjustable resistance and regulating lamp brightness by following modes: changing resistance value of the first variable resistor, changing phase of the trigger signal corresponding to AC voltage waveform, prolonging or shortening turning-on time bucket of three-end bidirectional controllable silicon switch element, thereby changing current provided to the lamp load.

一种调光器及调光控制电路，该调光控制电路包括：三端双向可控硅开关元件，其通过灯负载连接到交流电源，其中，三端双向可控硅开关元件具有栅极，并且由输入到所述栅极的触发信号开启；以及第一可变电阻器，其具有可调节的电阻值，其中，通过以下方式来调节灯负载的亮度：改变第一可变电阻器的电阻值，改变所述触发信号相对于交流电压波形的相位，延长或缩短所述三端双向可控硅开关元件的开启时间段，从而改变了提供给所述灯负载的电流。

Results are as followed:1 Exposure of HELF cells to BP caused c-Jun activation,and increased the activity of MAPK,PI-3K,p53 and cyclin D1 pathway.2 BP-induced c-Jun activation was inhibited by dominant negative mutants of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase or c-Jun NH_2-terminal kinase,but not by p38,impling that JNK and ERK pathways medicate c-Jun activation induced by BP.3 Overexpression of dominant-negative mutants PI-3K and Akt potently blocked phosphorylations of c-Jun and ERK,but not JNK in response to BP,suggesting that PI-3K/Akt pathway positively regulates BP-induced c-Jun activation through ERK.4 Inhibition of p53 by its chemical or molecular inhibitor markedly increased the phosphorylation levels of c-Jun,Akt and ERK upon BP stimulation,indicating that p53 negatively medicates BP-induced c-Jun activation through PI-3K/Akt/ERK pathway.5 The cell lines expressed TAM67 exhibits no significant affecting normal cell growth properties.6 TAM67 was able to significantly block G_1-S transition and subsequent cell proliferation,suggesting that c-Jun is essential for cell cycle alternations elicited by BP.7 Overexpression of TAM67 impaired BP-induced cyclin D1 activation,decreasing expression of E2F1 and pRb,indicating that c-Jun participates in the modulation of BP-induced activation of cyclin D1/pRb/E2F1 pathway.8 Stably expression of TAM67 led to the increases in the expression levels of p53 and p21,elevating phosphorylation level of p53,clearly indicating that c-Jun regulates p53/p21 pathway activation induced by BRCollectively,PI3K/Akt/ERK pathway mediated BP-induced c-Jun activation through p53-dependent mechanism.

结果显示：1BP刺激细胞可促进c-Jun活化，并伴随着MAPK、PI-3K、p53和cyclinD1通路各组成成分的活性增强。2利用MAPK通路的显性失活突变体分别阻断细胞外信号调节激酶和c-Jun氨基末端激酶活性，均可明显抑制BP诱导的c-Jun活化，但阻断p38活性对BP引起的c-Jun活化无明显影响，提示JNK和ERK通路参与调控BP诱导的c-Jun活化。3过表达PI-3K和Akt的显性失活突变体也可显著抑制BP诱导的c-Jun活化，并降低磷酸化ERK的表达水平，但对磷酸化JNK的表达水平无明显影响，说明PI-3K/Akt通路通过ERK正性调控了BP诱导的c-Jun活化。4p53的化学/分子抑制剂能使BP作用的细胞内c-Jun活性明显增加，并同时诱导Akt和ERK的磷酸化水平的升高，表明p53可通过PI-3K/Akt/ERK通路对BP诱导的c-Jun活化进行负性调控。5随后观察转染细胞的生长情况，发现TAM67对细胞正常生长和形态无明显影响。6稳定表达TAM67可有效抑制BP诱导的S期细胞数的增加，提示c-Jun在BP致细胞周期改变的过程中发挥了重要作用。7TAM67过表达能够抑制BP诱导的cyclin D1活化，降低磷酸化Rb以及E2F1蛋白表达水平，表明c-Jun参与调控BP诱导的cyclin D1/Rb/E2F1通路的活化。8过表达TAM67可使BP刺激的细胞中p53、p21总蛋白以及p53磷酸化的表达水平明显升高，可见c-Jun也参与调控BP诱导的p53/p21通路活化。

Thirty two point six percent (42/129) of menopausetransition women and 18.9％(60/318) of menopause women had breast structure changes,〓=9.26, P＜0.01. The frequency of breast structure changes decreased with decreasing ofserum of 〓 level and increasing of age. Four (4/29, 13.8％) in HRT group had breaststructure changes, which disappeared after discontinuing HRT or reducing the dose of HRTin 3 subjects. Conclusions: Most of normal menstrual women and menopause transitionwomen experienced Mastalgia; Mastalgia occurred in 89.7％ of subjects and lasted forabout 2 M. in the 1-year ccHRT; Image of breast ultrasound changed following menstrualcycle in normal menstrual women; Breast pain and breast structure change may be causedby higher 〓 and P level in luteal phase; The breast structure changes of HRT user weresimilar to that in normal women and were reversible.

大部分正常月经妇女和绝经过渡期妇女有周期性乳房胀疼，绝经后妇女应用17 β-雌二醇2mg加醋酸炔诺酮1mg连续联合治疗1年中大部分使用者有持续约两个月的乳房胀疼；乳腺体层厚度随体内雌孕激素水平的下降和年龄的增加而逐渐萎缩，绝经后妇女应用17 β-雌二醇2mg加醋酸炔诺酮1mg连续联合治疗1年后，对乳腺体层的厚度没有明显的影响；超声下乳腺结构改变主要受体内雌孕激素水平的影响，正常月经妇女中1／3的乳腺结构改变具有可逆性，绝经过渡期和绝经后妇女中有一半的乳腺结构改变的特征类似正常月经妇女具有可逆性的乳腺结构改变；绝经后妇女应用17 β-雌二醇2mg加醋酸炔诺酮1mg连续联合治疗1年后，少数使用者出现的乳腺结构改变可随药物剂量的调整或停药而恢复；对长期HRT使用者仍需加强乳腺的监测，长期HRT对乳腺的影响值得进一步研究。

Internal dose ones and external dose ones are concluded.(2) Biomarker of effect. It indicates those indicaters inflecting the biochemical, biophysical, behavioral, or else changes. Three types of biomarkers, early biological effect, altered structure / functon and disease, are comprised.

生物标志物是包括反映生物系统与环境中化学、物理或生物因素之间相互作用的任何测定指标，可将其分为三类：(1)接触的生物标志物，即反映机体生物材料中外源性物质或其代谢物或外源性物质与某些靶细胞或靶分子相互作用产物的含量，包括反映内剂量和生物效应剂量两类标志物；(2)效应的生物标志物，指机体中可测出的生化、生理、行为或其他改变的指标，包括反映早期生物效应、结构和功能改变(altered structure/functon)及疾病3类标志物；(3)易感性的生物标志物，即反映机体先天具有或后天获得的对接触外源性物质产生反应能力的指标。

Previous research has shown that smoking cessation enables better health as well lower medical care utilization. However, previous research usually treated smoking as a time invariant variable and hence can not determine the actual economic impact of smoking as time passes. In addition, previous research differs in research design and limited in duration of follow-up after smoking cessation. Hence it is necessary to conduct a study with longer period of follower-up.

虽然有研究证实戒菸可改善健康状况、减少医疗利用，然而上述研究有些系横断性，有些将吸菸状态设计为不随时间改变(time-invariant)的变项，无法呈现随时间改变的吸菸状态对医疗利用的影响；另外过去研究结果依研究设计、追踪年数不同而有所差异，若能追踪较长的时间，更可厘清戒菸时间与医疗利用间的关系。

If the axial flow pump are used for diesel or gasoline engine power, and can change the size of variable-speed throttle; if the axial flow pump with the power machine is linked to the use of triangular belt or flat belt drives the overhead, you can change to variable speed drive pulley diameter, the replacement of driving wheel or the driven wheel can be, the purpose is to change the transmission ratio.

如果轴流泵是采用柴油机或汽油机作动力的，可改变油门大小来变速；如果轴流泵与动力机相联是采用三角皮带或平皮带间接传动装置的，则可以改变传动皮带轮直径来变速，更换主动轮或从动轮都可以，目的是改变传动速比。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷