可呼吸的

Dyspnea due to CAD may coexist with that due to another cardiac disease.

由CAD引起的呼吸困难也可与其他疾病引起的呼吸困难同时具有。

objective to discuss perioperative complication and management of patient with high risk copd following esophagectomy.methods 45 patients with high risk copd underwent esophagectomy with epidural block combined with general anesthesia.perioperative treatment included smoking cessation,chest physiotherapy,prevention and control of infection of air way and appropriate bronchodilators of air way,breathing exercises,nutrition support and oxygen therapy.painkiller was instilled after surgery,early exercises,ensuring unobstruction of the air way,mechanical ventilation was applied when needed.results 3 had hypoxaemia in operation.after surgery,all patients had spo2 somewhat declined.6 had lung infection.6 were removed of bronchial secretion by bronchoscope.2 were supported by ventilator by using intubation.2 underwent tracheotomy.1 had disturbances of acid base balance and treated by using hydrochloric acid muriatic acid.all patients recovered rather smoothly and discharged from hospital.conclusion high risk copd is not the absolute contraindication of esophagectomy.active management before and after surgery ensures the safety and recovery of patients.

目的 探讨重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病简称慢阻肺病人食管切除术围手术期常见并发症及其处理。方法 45例重度慢阻肺的病人在全麻联合硬膜外阻滞下进行开胸食管切除手术，围手术期处理包括术前戒烟、胸部理疗、预防和控制呼吸道感染、解痉化痰、呼吸功能锻炼、营养支持和氧疗；术后硬膜外镇痛、早期锻炼、保持呼吸道通畅，部分病人予以呼吸支持。结果术中3例出现低氧血症。术后所有病人pao2均有不同程度的下降，6例出现肺部感染，6例行纤维支气管镜吸痰，2例通过气管插管给予呼吸机支持，2例行气管切开术，1例酸碱平衡紊乱使用盐酸精氨酸治疗。所有病人均痊愈出院。结论重度慢阻肺病人并非开胸食管切除手术的绝对禁忌证，积极的术前准备和严格的术后管理可减少和控制术后急性发作，有助于确保此类病人的围手术期安全和康复。

Photorespiration is a process in which oxygen uptake and CO2 release occur in light. A C3 plant may photorespire as much as 25% of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis, such that engineering photorespiration could improve photosynthesis.

光呼吸 是绿色植物在光下吸收氧气并释放CO2的过程。C3植物光呼吸可消耗掉25％左右的光合产物，故合理改良光呼吸可望提高植物的光合效率。

Methods:Normal frequency ventilation of high frequency jet respirometer was used to control breath continuously for 31 cases without autonomous breath,the ventilation frequency:16～20 times/min with continuous ventilation time 12～72 hours.

结果：通气1h后PaO2（15.92±2.50）kPa，PaCO2（5.90±0.76）kPa；通气24h后PaO2（14.76±3.21）kPa，PaCO2（6.11±0.84）kPa。在Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭，常频与高频通气交替应用比单用高频通气辅助呼吸，其提高血氧分压的疗效优越（P＜0.001），且可防止高碳酸血症。

When one inhales, one should syncopate their breath of life with both physical and nonphysical counterparts breathing together in divine timing.

当你吸气时，可在神性计时中让物质与非物质配合呼吸来切分生命的呼吸。

Tetrodotoxin selectively blocks the neuromuscular electrical activity, producing the effect of nondepolarizing curine and leading to failure of the respiratory drive without compromising the respiratory center.

河豚毒选择阻断神经与肌肉的电生理活动，呈非去极化型箭毒碱样作用，致呼吸动力障碍，与呼吸中枢无关，M胆碱能受体阻滞剂阿托品及中枢兴备剂均无明确使用指征，维持有效通气等综合治疗可达到满意疗效。

Nikethamide therapy in 15 patients with respiratory failure of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 8 dogs with increased airway and elastic resistance was clinically and experimentally studied.

尼可刹米能兴奋呼吸中枢、刺激通气，是治疗慢性阻塞性肺病失代偿呼吸衰竭的常用药物'。

Demming B,Bjorkman O (1987). Comparison of the effect of excessive light on chlorophyll fluorescence (77K) and photo yield of O2 evolution in leaves of higher plants. Planta,171: 171～184Guo LW,Shen YG (1996). Protective mechanisms against photodamage in photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants. Plant Physiol Commun,32(1):1～8 in Chinese

孟庆伟等（1996）认为光呼吸可减轻光抑制，尤其在发生光合午休时更明显，而对光合作用却有反作用，Zelitch (1992)的研究表明光呼吸随温度的升高而升高，因此高蛋白小麦中午较强的光呼吸作用可能是其Fv/Fm下降较少，而净光合速率下降幅度较大的一个重要原因。

Complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood permits more oxygen supply to tissue cells for respiration.

带氧血液和缺氧血液可完全，这样可容许更多氧气供应给组织呼吸，同时血压可，血流可，这可维持较的新陈代谢，哺乳类因而变得更。

Complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood permits more oxygen supply to tissue cells for respiration.

带氧血液和缺氧血液可完全分隔开，这样可容许更多氧气供应给组织呼吸，同时血压可高些，血流可快些，这可维持较高的新陈代谢，哺乳类因而变得更活跃。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。