可变量

And an exact maximum likelihood registration algorithm is presented based on three-dimensional plane. This method contains two sets of partially separable variables (the actual target positions and the sensor registration errors) and provides a two-step recursive optimization algorithm to ensure fast convergence. Described by expressions:(5.26)?(5.39). It resolves the problems on Multiple-platform.

同时本文还推导出了三维立体投影的极大似然配准算法，算法包括两组部分可分的变量：实际目标位置和传感器的配准误差，利用两步递归优化算法对收敛速度进行了优化处理，实现过程可参阅式5.26～5.39，此算法解决了不同平台内多传感器配准过程中所存在的问题。

By using complementary variable method to analyze the state-changing equations of this queueing system, the generating function of stationary probablity distribution of retrial queue length, some performance indexes such as three different stationary state probablity,stationary availability, and stationary failure frequence of the transfer-unit are derived.

研究通信网络中交换单元的可修模型M1，2，3/G/1，呼叫的到达是重试性的，利用补充变量法对排队系统的状态转移方程作了分析，求得了重试队列稳态队长概率分布的母函数以及交换单元的处于三种不同状态下的稳态概率、稳态可用度及稳态故障频度等性能指标。

This method is more accurate than the conventional ventilatory volume approach and more comprehensive than EMG of diaphragm. It can be used to measure respiratory regulation function in normal and morbid state, and in the study of apneustic center chemical sensitivity and output variable under chemical and mechanical load.

该方法比通常使用的通气量法准确，比心膈肌电图法反映全面，可广泛应用于人在正常和疾病状况下呼吸调节功能的测量，也可用于化学性及机械性负荷条件下对呼吸中枢化学敏感性及输出变量变化的研究。

On the basis of analyzing the reason bringing on electricity charge arrears and utilizing the gettable data, the key variables impacting the charge arrears, which are needed in arrear risk recognition model, are designed; by means of logistic regression theory and method that can deal with bi-category problem, a model that can recognize the possibility extent of electric power clients' charge arrears is established.

在分析了引起电力客户欠费原因的基础上，利用可以获得的数据设计了欠费风险识别模型中的关键影响变量，并运用Logistic回归理论与方法建立了可识别电力客户欠费可能性大小的模型，根据所掌握的客户最新资料可提前预测出其欠费的违约概率，从而改变了原来的事后欠费管理的被动局面，达到了减少电力客户欠费风险的目的。

They play important roles in studying the liveness and fairness of Petri nets.

本文在对Petri网进行结构变化的基础上，研究了T-不变量、可重复向量、死锁间的关系，给出了一些新的算法去求解一个网的可重复向量与死锁。

The author stressfully compare financial variables of possibly acting as intermediary goals: monetary supplies, market interest rate and inflation rate in terms of monetary multiplier, monetary circulating velocity, and basic money etc, which tries by comparing to that the index of monetary supplies is superior to the others in terms of measurability, controllability, and anti-disturbance.

其后在这一部分中本文结合经济与金融环境的变化，从货币乘数、货币流通速度、基础货币等几个方面，重点比较了货币供应量、市场利率和通货膨胀率等三个可供作为货币政策中介目标使用的金融变量，力图通过比较来说明，从可测性、可控性和抗干扰性等多个角度看，货币供应量优于另外两个指标。

A practical engineering application showed that the use of process function module and structure body can improve the program transportability, lower the development workload, and make the multisubstation monitoring system grow easily.

实际的工程应用表明，运用过程函数模块和结构体变量可提高程序的可移植性，降低开发工作量，便于多子站监控系统的扩容

The analysis model of grouped-metadata may construct based on coupling information of variables and methods inside component. According to formal component couping testing criteria description, coupling relationship among methods inside component is decribed using component methods coupling graph. And DU table is further constructed, which includes definition and definition information of component method. Then observation mechanism based on observation–points is introduced in order to increase the observability of component. An implementation framework of testable component is constructed bansed on coupling information.

分层描述性元数据中的分析模型基于构件内变量和方法之间的耦合信息来构造，根据形式化的构件耦合测试准则描述，使用构件方法耦合图的概念描述构件中方法之间的耦合关系，进而构造包含构件内定义和使用信息的DU表，并引入旨在提高构件可观察性的基于观察点的监控机制，构造一个基于构件耦合信息的可测试构件的总体实现框架。

In the training of HMM, referring to the auxiliary function in reference〓, and the method in reference〓 to get the estimations of the parameters of Markov chain, we define the likelihood function and auxiliary function for the maximum likelihood estimation of CDHMM, and then induce systematically the forward-backward algorithm and the re-estimation formulas for parameters of CDHMM.

在HMM的建模方面，本文借鉴文献〓中求多变量观测值马尔可夫链参数时辅助函数的选取方法，定义了CDHMM的似然函数和辅助函数；借鉴文献〓中求解马尔可夫链参数时的求偏导方法，并针对本文辅助函数加以简化和改进，系统地推导了HMM的前向—后向算法，以及CDHMM各参数的极大似然估计公式。

The method to configure RED parameters based on network properties is also presented. Simulations show that the modified Random Early Detection algorithm really performs better than the original Random Early Detection algorithm and can work for a much wider range of traffic. Finally, whether the assured service mechanisms i. e. an edge router tags every arriving packet of a TCP flow based service profile and core router drops packets differently at congestion using active queue management scheme is possible to provide a throughput consistent with target rate, is investigated under different network scenarios. Different factors including target rate tagged algorithm, RIO algorithm and TCP congestion control mechanism how to affect the throughput of an assured service TCP flow are examined. Based on a fluid model. we then derive a model of an assured service TCP flow, which is the function of round trip delay, packet loss rate and token bucket parameters. Based on this model, we observe that in some cases it is possible to regulate the token bucket parameters to gain a consistent throughput with the target rate, while in other cases there exist ranges of values of the achieved rate for which the token parameters have no influence. With the latter, some modified TCP congestion control mechanisms to assure TCP throughput are proposed.

最后，在区别服务网络结构内，研究了当前提出的一种边缘路由器根据服务合同标记、分类数据包，结合内部路由器采用主动队列缓冲管理机制区别处理数据包的确信服务机制是否可在不同网络情况下使TCP连接获得同目标速率相一致的、公平的吞吐量问题；指出影响TCP连接获得同目标速率相一致吞吐量的主要因素是目标速率大小、标记算法参数和TCP连接的拥塞控制算法；对此，基于流模型假设，首次推导出一个以端到端时延、数据包丢失率、漏桶参数为变量的确信服务TCP连接吞吐量模型；利用这个模型进行分析，得到主要结论是在一些情况下可通过设置合适的漏桶参数得到同目标速率更一致的吞吐量，而在另一些网络情况下不管如何设置漏桶参数都不能使TCP连接获得同目标速率一致的吞叶量；对于后一些情况，还初步讨论了改进TCP拥塞控制算法来改善TCP连接性能的方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。