可变化

The relationship between stress and strain of concrete in prestressed concrete bridge s is written as algebraic form within load duration and the equilibrium equations of internal force and compatibility conditions are introduced.

首先将预应力混凝土桥梁中考虑收缩、徐变影响的任意时刻混凝土应力、应变关系在持荷时段内写成代数形式，引入内力平衡方程及变形协调条件后，提出了计入截面上钢筋位置、配筋率、预应力钢筋松弛、混凝土弹性模量随时间变化等影响的徐变效应分析的全量形式自动递进法，并建立了计算式，适用于任何形式的收缩、徐变特性表达式；基于建立的全量形式公式，可方便地求解任意时刻混凝土、钢筋的应力与应变和梁体竖向变形。

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

The system can receive and pretreat the discrete data of TXT format, realize different pattern three-dimensional visualization of line, different color and texture, etc. and has the functions of real time dynamical browse, three-dimensional coordinates query, grid data and three-dimensional figure export etc.It has too the functions of three-dimensiona contrastive figure drawing and contrastive data export of alterant riverbed terrain.

该系统能够接受TXT格式的离散数据并进行预处理，实现线框、不同设色、光照、纹理映射等不同模式的三维河床地形可视化，具有实时动态浏览、三维坐标查询、网格数据及三维图形输出等功能；同时，还具有河床地形冲淤变化前后叠加三维对比效果图的绘制以及对比数据的输出等功能。

Soft roll: amenably hypersprctral-high, the surface with special polymers, requiring high temperature high pressure, elastic, able to bear load frequent changes.

软辊：可控中高辊，表面以特殊的聚合物制成，要求耐高温高压，弹性好，能承受负荷频繁的变化。

A word puzzle, such as an anagram or one in which clues are given in a set of verses.

单词形式的变化可由词干和所附的变位表表示。

The physical and mathematical models of underground gasification are erected; a temperature field in the district of gasification is set up; the instance analysis on the computer analogue simulation machine has been carried out; systematic analysis and research on the variable rules of temperature and different components has also been taken and some important resultants about the best position for drilling and the relationship between adjustment and control and gasification stability have gained, which opens up a new field for the sight research of the control of the stability of underground gas of coal.

建立了钻孔调控气化的物理模型、数学模型及气化盘区温度场，并进行了计算机模拟仿真及实例分析，对温度及各组分的变化规律进行了系统的分析研究，得出了最佳调控钻孔位置及调控与气化稳定的关系等重要结论，为煤炭地下气化稳定控制的可视化研究开辟了新的领域。

The research result shows that the best fuel delivery advance angle of diesel engine used has been changed; with the first cylinder as the standard, the deviation of the fuel delivery advance angle between the first cylinder and other cylinder surpasses allowed range; the smoke emission and fuel consumption can be decreased and delivering fuel to each cylinder at the right time can be assured, through the selection and adaptation of fuel delivery advance angle .

研究结果表明：使用后柴油机的最佳供油提前角发生了变化；以第一缸为准，其它缸与第一缸之间的供油提前角偏差超出了允许的范围；实行供油提前角的调配可使各缸在正确的时刻供油，减少排放，降低油耗。

However, the revolutionary evolution from anthropocentric viewpoint to the ethical theory of sustainable development is the foundation of the ecological tendency towards law.

法律生态化趋势是生态伦理观在法律上的反映，从人类中心主义伦理观到可持续发展伦理观的革命是法律生态化的伦理基础，正是这种变化了的价值观引发了法律生态化的趋势。

EST electrophoresis shows EST is an important antidotal enzyme system and reacts strong to environment. EST changes greatly during the whole treating period and can be viewed as pathological index of toxicity.

同工酶电泳分析表明，EST是动物体内一种重要的解毒酶系统，且是钉螺对外界刺激反应最强烈的同工酶之一，EST在整个提取物作用阶段变化明显，可作为钉螺中毒的病理指标。

The use of iron chelators, Desferal and apomorphine, could effectively ameliorate the above changes.

而提前应用铁离子螯合剂去铁胺和阿扑吗啡后，则可拮抗上述变化。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！