可取代的

Reactive dye not only can covalently bind with modified flax by nucleophilic reaction, but also can form electrovalent bond. Attracting among hydronium is of benefit to nucleophilic reaction.

改性亚麻与活性染料之间即可发生亲核取代反应形成共价键结合，又可形成离子间的库仑力，而且离子间的相互吸引更有利于染料上的活性基与纤维素发生亲核取代反应。

"By 1965 they had been replaced by the much larger Titan II, which could be launched directly from its silo. With a nine-megaton warhead, Titan II was the principal weapon in the land-based U.S. nuclear arsenal until the 1980s, when it was replaced by solid-fueled ICBMs (e.g., Minuteman missiles)."

在1965年由更大型的泰坦2号取代，此型可由发射井直接发射，带有九百万吨级弹头，一直是美国陆基核武的主要武器，到80年代被更精确的固体燃料洲际弹道飞弹取代。

"By 1965 they had been replaced by the much larger Titan II, which could be launched directly from its silo. With a nine-megaton warhead, Titan II was the principal weapon in the land-based U.S. nuclear arsenal until the 1980s, when it was replaced by solid-fueled ICBMs (e.g., Minuteman missile s)."

在1965年由更大型的泰坦2号取代，此型可由发射井直接发射，带有九百万吨级弹头，一直是美国陆基核武的主要武器，到80年代被更精确的固体燃料洲际弹道飞弹取代。

We first introduced a new concept called transitive resolvable idempotent symmetric quasigroup, proved that the necessary condition for the existence of TRISQ is also sufficient, then presented a tripling construction for LKTS by using TRISQ instead of TKTS, thus removed the condition "there exists a TKTS" in Denniston''s tripling construction for LKTS; We also improved J. Lei''s product construction for LKTS by removing the condition "there exists a TKTS".

我们首先引入了可迁可分解幂等对称拟群的新概念，证明了TRISQ存在的必要条件也是充分的，然后给出了用TRISQ取代可迁Kirkamns三元系的LKTS的三倍构造法，这样就去掉了在Denniston的关于LKTS的3倍构造中的条件"存在一个TKTS"；我们用TRISQ取代TKTS改进了雷建国的关于LKTS的一个积构造方法，从而去掉了该构造方法中的条件"存在一个TKTS"。

The specific properties of materials, such as the palate adhesion, dynamic cruor, anti-bacterial and the degradability of lysozyme, were studied, which provide valuable data for further application. The main creative ideas are listed as follows:(1) The water-retention chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol blend fiber was obtained by coagulating in 10％ NaOH/ethanol solution, and the blend and crosslink due to GA can enhance the mechanical properties of fiber;(2) The controlled degradable chitosan/gelatin blend fiber was obtained by solution filature, and the mechanical properties were improved;(3) The N-acylchitosan with the different degree of substitution were successfully prepared, and the relationship between structure and properties was estabilished;(4) By a new solvent system of 6％ NaOH/4％ urea for cellulose, the blood anti-coagulant function films were prepared by blending cellulose with chitin;(5) In the same solvent system above mentioned, the anti-bacterial blend films based on cellulose and carboxymethyl-chitosan were prepared, and the relationship of DS and the anti-bacterial property was concluded;(6) The controlled degradable chitosan films was obtained by the chemical crosslink.

本论文的主要创新点：（1）以NaOH水溶液／无水乙醇为凝固液，采用溶液纺丝法制备出保水性壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇纤维，共混和戊二醛交联极大提高了壳聚糖纤维力学性能；（2）用壳聚糖和明胶共混，以溶液纺丝法制备出可控降解的壳聚糖／明胶纤维，并大幅度提高了壳聚糖共混纤维的干、湿态抗张强度；（3）确立了不同取代度N-酰基壳聚糖的合成方法及其膜的结构与性能的关系；（4）利用纤维素新溶剂6％NaOH／4％尿素制备出抗凝血性纤维素／甲壳素共混膜；（5）利用上述纤维素新溶剂制备出抗菌性纤维素／羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜，揭示了羧甲基壳聚糖取代度与抗菌性能的关系；（6）制备出可控降解壳聚糖交联膜。

A method to synthsis a - methylene - r - butyrolactones was reported by the substituted (a - carbethoxyvinyl) cuprate intermediates, generated by the addition of higer order cuprate to acetylenic ester,traping with epoxides stereoselectively.

本文报道了通过以高序铜代替低序铜对炔酸酯加成得到的取代铜与端基或环状环氧化合物的立体选择性反应，较高产率的合成α，β-取代烯酯，进而可合成α-亚烷基-γ-丁内酯类衍生物。

The degree of butyryl substitution of CAB increased and the degree of acetyl substitution of CAB decreased as the butyryl mol content in the reaction system increased.

制备得到的纤维素醋酸丁酸酯的丁酯取代度最高可达2.53，乙酯取代度最高可达2.98。

The result shows that the best reaction conditions for synthesizing CMC with a high degree of substitution (1.68) are that the ratio of chitosan to sodium chloroacetate is 1:5, reaction temperature is 90℃, reaction time is 5h, and the amount of catalyst is 3%.

研究了投料比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂等单因素对取代度的影响，合成高取代度的最佳反应条件为m：m=1：5、温度90℃、时间5h、催化剂量为3%，可制得取代度为1.68的羧甲基壳聚糖。

0Mol%. The catalytic system combining Pd 〓, imidazolium salt and pyridine has been employed in the cross-coupling of unactive aryl chlorides with malononitrile.

对大多数溴代芳烃而言，无论芳环上取代基是吸电子的，还是给电子取代基，均可高产率地制备得到相应的α—芳基丙二腈化合物（产率＞85％）。

The substituted and unsubstituted 1,6-hexanediols produced by the processes of this invention can undergo further reaction to afford desired derivatives thereof, e.g., epsilon caprolactone.

由本发明方法制备的取代或未取代1，6－己二醇可再进一步反应提供所需的其衍生物例如ε己内酯。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。