可反射的

The crystal structure of cristobalite is helpful to optical reflection, and the cristobalite can institute the tiny glass ball to be used as the filler of the reflective paint to reinforce the non-skid property and improve the reflection of paint.

高反射率。方石英的晶体结构有助于光反射，可取代玻璃微珠作反光油漆的填料，既可增强防滑性，又可提高油漆的反光性。

And the integration can be applied to compute river water-level and velocity of stream-flow as monitoring fluvial discharge, especially during freshet.

此外，在讯号分析部份除了针对水面高程进行分析之外，我们也分析GPS反射讯号的都卜勒频移值，利用速度场转换的方式可计算出每个反射点的流速，而在此利用GPS反射讯号与数值地形资料库整合应用，透过整合系统的开发将可提供全面性及近即时性的河川水面高程及流速的量测，更可加以估算河川洪水期之河水流量，用以提供河川洪峰流量之监控。

This method can be used to the detection and optical adjustment of parabolic mirrors.

该方法可用于抛物面反射镜检验，也可用于抛物面反射镜的调校工艺中。

The invention relates to a light pumping system for all-solid laser, particularly a light pumping system for disc type laser, comprising heat sink, laser crystal, optical fiber, plane reflector, a first concave reflector, a second concave reflector, and a third concave reflector, and adopting a structure that the plane reflector is between the optical fiber and the first concave reflector, to make the LD and laser cavity on the same side of the laser crystal, thus reducing the packaged size of the laser; the invention fixes the plane reflector on the heat sink to reduce the inclined incident angle of the pumped light beam, thus the pumped light can be fully absorbed, and the invention solves the problem of pumping efficiency and largely reduces the bulk of the laser, beneficial to the all curing of the product and ensuring the cooling requirement of the laser crystal.

本发明涉及全固体激光器的光泵浦系统，特别是一种盘式激光器的光泵浦系统。包括热沉1、激光晶体2、光纤3、平面反射镜4、第一凹面反射镜5、第二凹面反射镜6、第三凹面反射镜7，本发明采用平面反射镜位于光纤与第一凹面反射镜之间的结构，使LD和激光腔位于本发明激光晶体的同一侧，从而减小了激光器的封装尺寸；本发明将平面反射镜固定在热沉上，使泵浦光束斜入射角减小，泵浦光则能充分吸收，为此，本发明解决背景技术采用第一凹面反射镜使泵浦光束斜入射角过大引起的像散，泵浦光斑变形引起泵浦效率降低问题，使得本发明可选用大面积半导体制冷器，避免使用水冷，则激光器的体积大大减少，有利于产品的全固化，保证了激光晶体的散热要求。

The type of shock reflection over 50o wedge model is of regular reflection. The angle between the incident and reflection shock is also being increased as the model surface roughness increased. The flow visualization results indicate that the speed of reflection shock becomes slower.

在50度的模型实验条件下则会产生正规反射，当增加表面粗糙度后会使得射震波与反射震波之夹角增大，由上述两者结果可以发现，其结果可归因於反射震波之移动速度减缓所致，因此增加表面粗糙度必然会使震波反射有减弱的情况发生。

This project was established based on the first cooperative development of optical in situ real time detecting technique probing the atomic scale layer-by-layer epitaxy growth of oxide film. Over the last three years, we have given full play to the advantages and characteristics of both sides and have finished the assumptions and plans of this subject satisfactorily. 1. In Institute of Physics, we set up advanced oblique-incidence reflectivity difference equipment and wrote one data acquisition procedure that made the simultaneous detection of optical signal and RHEED signal into reality. 2. The first observation of sustained oscillations over hundreds of monolayers in both real and imaginary signals during the epitaxy growth of SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3 on SrTiO3 substrate in LMBE testifies that oblique-incidence is an excellent method to detect and monitor film epitaxy growth real time. 3. For the first time, we verify that oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer growth mode during continuous growth through the correspondence between optical signals to atomic or molecular step edge density on the growth surface. 4. Phenomenological analysis shows that optical signals comprise three parts, the first is proportional to the average thickness of the film and depends on the bulk phase dielectric response; the second is proportional to the coverage of terraces and depends on the dielectric response of atoms or unit cells in the terrace; the third is proportional to the coverage of step edges and depends on the effective dielectric response of atoms or unit cells at step edges. This makes oblique-incident reflectivity difference technique a quantitative macroscopic method to monitor film growth.

中文摘要：本课题是在合作首次发展了氧化物薄膜原子尺度层状外延生长光学原位实时探测方法的基础上立项的，三年来，我们充分发挥双方的优势和特点，圆满完成了课题的设想和计划。1、在物理所建立了一套先进的光反射差法装置，编写了计算机系统的数据采集程序，实现了两路光学信号和RHEED数据的同步采集和显示。2、用激光分子束外延在SrTiO3基底上生长SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3薄膜，首次观测到连续外延几百个原胞层，周期振荡的光反射差实部和虚部信号，证明了光反射差法是一种能原位实时探测与监控薄膜层状外延生长的好方法。3、首次验证了通过对生长表面原子或分子台阶密度的响应，光反射差法可用于原位实时监测在连续生长条件下薄膜的层式生长模式。4、通过唯象理论的研究，证明光反射差信号由三项组成，第一项只与薄膜的平均厚度和宏观光学电介质常数有关；第二项与分子台阶面覆盖度和台阶面上分子层的光学电介质常数有关；第三项与台阶边缘的覆盖度成正比，并和在台阶边缘的分子的有效光学介电常数有关。

According to the simulated results, it was found that the incident light was not fully absorbed in the solar cell due to a thinner base layer. The un-absorbed incident light could be further reflected by a AuGe/Au mirror layer and absorbed again by the base layer. Thus the disadvantage of the GaAs thin-film cell with a thinner base layer could be solved by the additional reflection from the AuGe/Au mirror with a high reflectivity within 800~1000 nm wavelength. Moreover, the external quantum efficiency in the long wavelength region and short current density were also increased.

从模拟结果中得知，薄膜型结构之太阳电池可以经由AuGe/Au之金属反射层，再次将未被基极层完全吸收之入射光反射回太阳电池，使得薄膜型结构在长波段的外部量子效率获得提升，这结果显示薄膜型结构太阳电池可利用AuGe/Au之金属反射层在长波段的高反射率，改善使用较薄基极层时，无法将入射光完全吸收的缺点。

In our experimental results, we have transferred the GaAs solar cells from GaAs substrates onto the mirror-coated copper substrates with the base layer thickness of 1.5 μm. The photovoltaic performance of the orginal GaAs solar cell on a GaAs substrate was also measured. Under AM1.5G and without anti-reflective coatings conditions, it is found that the Jsc can increase from 12.6 mA/cm2 to 13.82 mA/cm2, while the conversion efficiency can improve from 7.91% to 8.53%. As a result, the enhanced Jsc and η data of the GaAs solar cells can be contributed by the AuGe/Au mirror between the GaAs solar cell and copper substrate.

在实验验证方面，本实验室将砷化镓太阳电池由砷化镓基板转移至铜基板上，在基极厚度1.5 μm、AM 1.5G、以及元件未披覆抗反射膜的条件下，短路电流密度可由12.6 mA/cm2提升至13.82 mA/cm2，增加9.7%，而转换效率则可由7.91%提升为8.53%，这结果显示当砷化镓太阳电池基极底部镀有金属反射层时，的确能适度地提升太阳电池的短路电流密度及转换效率。

The output beam quality can be improved by adopting Gaussian reflectivity coupling output mirror, using plano-convex unstable cacity, Nd: YAG, and electro-optic Q setting solid laser in the experiment.

使用高斯反射率耦合输出镜可较好地改善其输出光束质量，设计了平-凸非稳腔，使用Nd：YAG，电光调Q 固体激光器进行实验，获得了较为平滑的远场光强分布，实验结果表明高斯反射率输出镜可较好地改善固体激光器中非稳腔输出光束质量。

Based on basic theory of elastic wave propagation, wave equation forpropagation of elastic wave in 2 dimension vertical inhomogeneous mediumof similar concrete cutoff wall model is developed. 2 dimension elastic sheetof concrete cutoff wall is established to research law and energy distributionrelations between propagation, attenuation, reflection and transmission ofelastic wave in concrete cutoff wall; Based on the concept of resolution, thecontent of vertical reflection method used to inspect concrete cutoff wallresolution is raised and factors will have influences on resolution are analyzed,expression of defective layer composite reflection factor and detectabledefective layer maximum thickness are developed; Relations between allsteps of sampling system of vertical reflection are build, the influence ofcentrum characteristics and receiving sensor on testing results are analyzed,therefore parameter requirements for testing instrument and parameter selection principle of collected parameters are raised.

2从弹性波传播的基本理论研究出发，推导了弹性波在类似混凝土防渗墙模型的二维垂向不均匀介质中传播的波动方程式；建立了混凝土防渗墙二维弹性薄板模型，研究弹性波在混凝土防渗墙中的传播、衰减、反射、透射规律及能量分配关系；从分辨率的概念出发，提出了垂直反射法检测混凝土防渗墙分辨率的内涵，对影响分辨率的因素进行了分析，推导出了缺陷层复合反射系数、可检测缺陷层极限厚度的表达式；建立了垂直反射法采样系统各环节之间的关系，研究分析了震源特性、接收传感器对测试结果的影响，提出了对测试仪器参数的要求及采集参数的选择原则。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。