可切的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

Blessed Lord Jesus, teach Thy Church what it means so to live and labour for Thee, in the Spirit of unceasing prayerfulness, that our faith may rise to the assurance that Thou wilt in very deed, in a way surpassing all expectation, meet the crying need of a dying world.

可称颂的主耶稣，求你教导你的教会知道为你活着、为你劳苦的意义何在。在恒切祷告的灵里使我们确信你会在每件事上面超过人所求的来供应这个卽将灭亡世界的呼求。

The plastic deformation induced due to cyclic rotation of principal stress axes alone can be in the same magnitude as that due to shear with fixed principal stress axes. 2 The volumetric strain due to shearing of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. The former is characterized by its reversibility and is independent of past shear history, the latter by its irreversibility increases with the increase of cycle number yet its increase rate decreases with its accumulation. 3 The obvious non-coaxiality between directions of the principal stresses and principal strain increments is found and its degree depends largely on the change of shear stress component. 4 The intermediate principal stress has considerable effects on the deformation behavior of sands in the condition of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes. The accumulation rate of the irreversible dilatancy component increases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress parameter.

具有初始各向异性的砂土在纯应力主轴循环旋转排水条件下的主要变形规律为：①纯应力主轴循环旋转可产生与应力主轴固定单调剪切处于同一数量级的塑性变形；②纯应力主轴循环旋转引起的剪切体变包含可逆性剪切体变分量和不可逆性剪切体变分量两部分，其中可逆性剪切体变分量在一周内可完全恢复，基本与应力历史无关；不可逆性剪切体变分量随循环周数的增加呈单调增加，且增加速率随其自身累积值的增大呈减小趋势；③应变增量主轴与应力主轴之间的非共轴现象显著，且在一周内具有分段性；④中主应力对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的变形特性有重要影响，不可逆性剪切体变分量的累积速率随中主应力系数的增加而增加。

A suit of software used for boiler's cold and hot tests is developed by EXCEL 2000 and VB6.0, which can process all the data and cartography during the tests. The software can print test report in a certain extent. Many universal ActiveX control and Class are developed. The experiences on the software are summed up. At last, the direction of the software's development used for boilers' tests is forecasted.

依据试验原理与方法，以 Excel 2000和 VB6.0为开发工具，开发了一套针对四角切圆燃烧锅炉的冷、热态性能试验通用计算软件，该软件能够完成试验过程中所有数据的处理和图表、曲线的绘制，并具有一定的报告自动打印功能；制作了可通用的 ActiveX 控件和类，并对软件开发的经验进行了总结；最后，对锅炉性能试验软件的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Similarly, if the strong shear, which could suppress all the scattering in the quiescent two phase region, stopped, the follow-up phase separation also displayed characteristics of anisotropism and relaxation, In this dissertation, the transposed"butterfly'and"streakpattern were observed for the first time within the shear-history-influenced phase separation, which is found closely relevant to the anisotropical relaxation behavior of macromolecules. 5. The phase separation kinetics of PS/PVME under oscillatory shear was further studied on the base of that done under simple shear. It is found that, under specific temperature and strain amplitude, the occurrence of phase separation is strongly contingent on oscillatory frequency and only intermediate frequency could effectively induce phase separation; If all considered oscillatory shear could stimulate phase separation, a fixed frequency can maintain specific most probable phase size and higher frequency yields smaller phase, which makes a higher elasticity but weaker stress relaxation; Furthermore, higher frequency can produces stronger compulsory oscillation on the MPPS but won't change the mean of the MPPS. Under given frequency and strain amplitude, the phase separation kinetics dramatically depends on the phase angle of oscillation and the phase separation corresponding to different phase angle follows different dynamical process.

在简单剪切场下相分离动力学研究的基础上进一步对振动剪切场下PS／PVME的相分离动力力学进行了尝试性的研究，发现：在一定温度和振幅条件下，相分离的发生强烈的依赖于振动频率，只有中等频率的振动剪切才能有效地促进相分离的发生；在都能使相分离发生的前提下，一定频率的剪切能够使体系维持一定的最可几相尺寸，较高频率的剪切导致体系形成的相区尺寸较小，因而体系的弹性效应较强而应力松弛效应较弱；同时，更高频率的剪切对最可几相尺寸的强迫振动效应越强，但不会使最可几相尺寸的平均值发生改变；在一定的振幅和频率条件下，相分离的动力学过程会强烈地依赖于相位角，不同相位角对应的相分离遵循不同的动力学过程但机理一样。

In order to overcome the defect of traditional methods and to find a new simply and effective time-domain method to eliminate the influence of boundary reflection. The main contents of studies and achievements are as follows: The liquefiable saturated sand dynamic character researches are conducted by means of the resonant column test and the dynamic tri-axial test; The undrain dynamic relationship between stress and strain, the damping ratio, saturated sand liquefaction mechanism, laboratory liquefaction standard, the effective factors of liquefaction are considered in laboratory. Liquefaction strength parameters used in element numerical simulation are obtained.

为克服传统方法存在的问题，寻求一种简单有效、能消除截断边界反射影响的时域有限元方法，本文主要开展了如下研究工作：对工程场地土体进行了标准贯入、静力触探、剪切波速等现场原位试验、室内动三轴试验以及共振柱试验，针对研究区域内可液化的饱和土进行了动力特性试验研究，分析了饱和土体的不排水动应力～应变关系和阻尼特性；对研究区域内的饱和砂土的液化机理，室内试验液化判别标准及影响饱和砂土液化的诸多因素进行了研究，得出了工程场地土体的抗液化强度指标等有限元模拟所需参数。

Blessed Lord Jesus, have mercy upon Thy Church, and give, we pray Thee, the Spirit of prayer and supplicat as of old, that They Church may prove what power from Thee rests upon her and her testimony for Thee, to win the world to Thy feet.

祷告：可称颂的主耶稣，施恩予你的教会，求你赐下恒切祷告的灵像以往一样，使你的教会能证实那与你同在的能力与教会同在并为你作见证，使整个的世界都服在你的脚下。

Daily production circumstances, be it hand-mounted or mounted automatic mechanical, it is inevitable that mounted are not allowed to occur, in order to prevent the phenomenon of mounted after the non-business card printing and membership card making dangersous them…we edges appear is projected in the phenomenon, generally business card printing and membership card making to the characteristics of the product, the business card printing and membership card making semi-finished side gauges and control edges before placing 3 ~ 6 mm overlap at the ends of the cutting, which mounted, the non-business card printing and membership card making dangersous the rules appropriate to the inner edges of microphtography for some mm mounted to effectively prevent non-business card printing and membership card making dangersous them…we pop-out phenomenon appears edges ensure precise cutting.

日常生产情况表明，不论是手工裱贴或机械自动裱贴，都难免会出现裱贴不准现象，为防止裱贴后的非制卡和会员卡制作面的规矩纸边出现凸出现象，一般在制卡和会员卡制作时就要根据产品的特点，将制卡和会员卡制作半成品的侧规和前规纸边加放3～6mm不等的修边余量，这样裱贴时，将非制卡和会员卡制作面的规矩纸边适当往内缩若干毫米进行裱贴，可有效地防止非制卡和会员卡制作面的规矩纸边出现凸出现象，保证产品模切的准确。

Daily production circumstances, be it hand-mounted or mounted automatic mechanical, it is inevitable that mounted are not allowed to occur, in order to prevent the phenomenon of mounted non-business card printing after dangersous them…we projecting edges appear, usually in the phenomenon of hkd250 based on the characteristics of the product, the business card printing for side gauges and padding on the edges of the former syndiospecific 3-6 mm overlap at the ends of the cutting, which mounted, the non-business card printing dangersous them…we edges appropriate to carry out some mm sonagraph mounted to effectively prevent non-business card printing dangersous them…we projecting edges appear and which would ensure the accuracy of the die-cutting.

常日不入产环境暗示，不论是手工裱贴或板滞被迫裱贴，都不免会呈现裱贴禁绝本体，为避免裱贴后的否制卡背的端方纸边呈现凹陷本体，凡是在制卡时不离给根据产物的特点，不兵制卡半制品的侧规和后规纸边增不收3—6mm不相等的修边余量，这样裱贴时，不兵否制卡背的端方纸边不分往边伸众少毫米举行裱贴，可灵验不天避免否制卡背的端方纸边呈现凹陷本体，包管产物模切的不确。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！