可分析性

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

This paper will analysis and research the webpage with its layout and methods, the visual elements and design principles, web standards, the traditional form layout and DIV+CSS layout and so on, in order to find out those criteria which are followed by a good web page on the aspects of design of layout and visual elements. This paper can give people some references when they are doing some design in the future, at the same time, explores new technology of the web page layout, to make the web page layout simple, convenient, easy to operate, increase the readability and alterability of the code, to reduce the redundancy of code program, to increase efficiency of the persons who are producing the web.

本论文将就网页的布局及方法、网页视觉构成要素及设计原则、Web标准、传统的表格布局及DIV+CSS布局等方面进行分析与研究，从而寻找网页布局、视觉构成要素设计等方面所遵循的一些准则，给今后人们在进行网页设计时以一定参考的同时，探究网页布局的新技术，使网页的布局简单、方便、易于操作、增加代码的可读性和可改性，降低程序代码的冗余性，提高网页制作人员的工作效率。

More ambitiously, it supports the conclusion that Xunzi's ideas about people's xing changed over time.

通过此分析可看出，人性本恶的说法并非《性恶篇》的中心议题。

Firstly, there are less secure and efficient threshold schemes; secondly, the research on multi-secret sharing is rather weak; thirdly, usual verifiable secret sharing don't consider the partners' anonymity, while it is just people's expectation. Last but not least, the problem of variety on shares is becoming a more obvious restrict of efficiency, especially in the facets of the lost and being districted of shares. On the application of verifiable secret sharing, there are also two inadequates : on the one hand , verifiable secret sharing has been used in much threshold cryptography but in less verifiable signatures.

然而，经过认真总结、分析该领域目前研究的发展状况（具体结果将在第一章给出），我们发现在可验证秘密分享的研究方面，仍有下列四个不足之处：一是现有的安全、高效的门限方案不多；二是对多秘密分享的研究非常薄弱，在已有的文献中还见不到安全、实用的可验证多秘密分享方案；三是通常的秘密分享方案没有考虑秘密分享者的匿名性，而这恰恰是人们所希望的；四是秘密分享者的动态管理问题已经越来越明显的制约现有方案的安全，尤其是密钥份额丢失或被破坏时如何恢复更是没有被深入探讨。

The dose of γ-irradiation had significant influences on shelf life of boiled dumplings under chill state. The value of volatile basic nitrogen of control sample excessed the trade standard after one week. The value of total acidity of control sample excessed the trade standard after four weeks.However ,except TBA of sample treated with 5 kGy excessed the trade standard after irradiation, other properties of treated sample were all well within the acceptable level throughout storage period.

未辐照处理产品贮存至 7 天时挥发性盐基氮含量超标，除 5kGy 辐照产品的 TBA 值在贮存前期超标外，其他各辐照处理产品各项安全质量指标在 21 天贮存期内均未超标；与对照样比，剂量越高，所分析指标变化越小；对照样只有 7天的货架期；2 和 3kGy 辐照在 14 天时感官评分值降至可接收值底限；4kGy 表现出最佳贮藏效果，可获得 21 天的货架期。

In this study, the dynamic effect of different types of motor rotor, including the interference fit and clearance fit, are discussed by the experiment of modal testing and theoretical analysis.

本文藉由模态测试与分析分别探讨马达转子干涉配合及间隙配合於心轴上所造成的动态特性影响，并提出可的有限元素建模方式，藉由模态测试与有限元分析结果的比对显示，证明此种建模方式之确性，能做为未工具机主轴设计开发考。

The test results shown that consistent between the theoretical and the experimental data and simulating models reliability as well its usability in engineering was confirmed.In the dissertation, the dynamics properties of MR fluid and the relationship between its viscosity and extern-controllable magnetic field were investigated.

研制出了可控参数的磁流阻尼器试验机及其数据处理系统，为阻尼可控研究提供了试验手段；通过试验，验证了理论模型与实验结果的一致性，从而确认了模拟模型在理论分析中的可信度及在工程中的可用性。

The compatibility of both Gvirens and B.firmus was researched. The fermentation filtrate of Gvirens , under the concentration of 70%, had not distinct inhibitory activity to B.firmus, the biomass of B.firmus would decrease with above the 70% filtrate of Gvirens, but the fermentation filtrate of B.firmus had not inhibitive role to Gvirens. 7, The cooperation control of both Gvirens and B.firm to the pine needle blight was explored:(1) Pathogen inoculation happened prior to the bio-control treatment for 7 days, however, the disease index and control effect had not distinct differences in any treatments even if combination of the two antagonists, but the susceptibility for different kind of pine were different.(2)when antagonist and pathogen were inoculated at the same time, some control effect to the pine needle blight, including certain extent cooperation control of both Gvirens and B.firm were proved, but it wasn't distinct when two antagonists used separately, and the change of the antagonist concentration had little effect to the control effect.

G.virens与B.firmus对松赤枯病的协同控制显示：(1)预先接种病菌后(7天)再进行生物防治处理，不管那种情况，感病指数和防治效果在处理间差异不明显，浓度影响无显著差异，即使是两种生防制剂联合作用也未显著提高其防效，但不同树种间的感病性有明显差异；(2)领抗菌与病原菌同时接种，对松赤枯病有一定防治效果，两菌联合有一定的协同作用，两菌分别单独施用防效差异不显著，浓度变化对防效影响不大；(3)预先接种颇抗菌能显著提高防治效果，两菌联合处理防效更优，感病树种的感病指数可降至13一15，抗病树种的感病指数可控制在3%左右；在同一浓度下B.f1'r功US、叹叮厂即s间无显著差异，在同一领抗菌下，浓度愈高，防效愈高：松，(4)三种生防接种方式的平均效果分析表明，叹F行ens最高平均防效49.5%黑 B。

Furthermore, the article presents small-scale fishing ground indemnificatory allocation framework system. It advised that the marine and inland water fishing grounds which is connected with the land from the marine motor fishing vessels' bottom trawl closed area line, as the exclusive small-scale fishing's special zone for traditional fisher. Moreover let the small-scale special fishing zone being further divided and allocated, each zone establish small-scale fisher association to implement internal management and endow each zone of the attribute of usufructuary right which was the power of exclusive utilization, long effectiveness inheritable and transferable.

本文在对比分析了捕捞投入要素分配、渔获量分配和渔场分配三种分配方式的基础上，提出了小型渔业渔场保障性分配框架体系，建议将海洋机动渔船底拖网禁渔区线向陆地一侧的海洋和内陆水域渔场作为小型渔业传统渔民的专用渔场，再将小型渔业专用渔场在行政区之间进一步划分和分配，每个渔场建立相应的小型渔业渔民协会进行渔场使用的内部管理，并赋予小型渔业渔场使用权排他性的、长效性可继承的、可流转的用益物权属性。

This study mainly from the cement-based self-leveling mortar work, and mechanical properties to consider, analysis superplasticizer, aggregate, mineral admixture, can be dispersed polymer powder to its various properties of addressing the mobility and Stability, as early as strong moderate condensate, the contraction and expansion, superplasticizer incorporation and mortar expansion of the loss of contradictions, and optimize the mix finalization of the scope and mortar flow analysis of factors affecting the performance.

本实验主要从水泥基自流平砂浆的工作性，力学性能考虑，分析高效减水剂、集料、矿物掺合料、可再分散聚合物粉末对其各种性能的影响；解决大流动性和稳定性，早强和缓凝，收缩和膨胀，高效减水剂的掺入和砂浆扩展度经时损失的矛盾，最后确定优化配合比范围；并对砂浆流变性能影响因素进行分析。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失