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In summary, our results indicate that hypohidrosis is a frequent adverse effect in children with topiramate therapy. Younger age and hot weather rather than drug dosage are independent risk factors for topiramate-associated hypohidrosis. The resultes also rule out the possibility that topiramate act on its known mechanisms of action, such as potentiating GABA activity at GABAA receptors and antagonizing the AMPA/KA subtype of glutamate receptor in the secretory cells of sweat glands to inhibit sweat secretion. Our data also suggest that topiramate impairs sudomotor function in mice and leads to a significant reduction in AQP5 expression in sweat glands of anhidrotic mice, thus raising the possibility that dysregulation of AQP5 may contribute to topiramate related hypohidrosis. CA inhibition may not be an important contributor since CA II expression and CA activity was intact in anhidrotic mice treated with topiramate.

综合全部实验结果,本研究提示:夏季和低龄是托吡酯引起泌汗障碍的主要危险因素,而托吡酯剂量对泌汗功能的影响较小;托吡酯可以抑制小鼠汗液的分泌,小鼠的年龄并不影响这种抑制作用,但托吡酯对小鼠体温无明显影响;托吡酯并不是通过对GABAA受体及AMPA和KA两种谷氨酸受体亚型的作用而在汗腺分泌细胞抑制泌汗;托吡酯不影响汗腺形态及Na,K-ATP酶活性;汗腺分泌细胞的AQP5功能失调可能与托吡酯引起的泌汗障碍密切相关,而碳酸酐酶抑制作用并不是泌汗功能损害的主要原因。

In summary, our results indicate that hypohidrosis is a frequent adverse effect in children with topiramate therapy. Younger age and hot weather rather than drug dosage are independent risk factors for topiramate-associated hypohidrosis. The resultes also rule out the possibility that topiramate act on its known mechanisms of action, such as potentiating GABA activity at GABAA receptors and antagonizing the AMPA/KA subtype of glutamate receptor in the secretory cells of sweat glands to inhibit sweat secretion. Our data also suggest that topiramate impairs sudomotor function in mice and leads to a significant reduction in AQP5 expression in sweat glands of anhidrotic mice, thus raising the possibility that dysregulation of AQP5 may contribute to topiramate related hypohidrosis.

综合全部实验结果,本研究提示:夏季和低龄是托吡酯引起泌汗障碍的主要危险因素,而托吡酯剂量对泌汗(来源:A44B8787C论文网www.abclunwen.com)功能的影响较小;托吡酯可以抑制小鼠汗液的分泌,小鼠的年龄并不影响这种抑制作用,但托吡酯对小鼠体温无明显影响;托吡酯并不是通过对GABAA受体及AMPA和KA两种谷氨酸受体亚型的作用而在汗腺分泌细胞抑制泌汗;托吡酯不影响汗腺形态及Na,K-ATP酶活性;汗腺分泌细胞的AQP5功能失调可能与托吡酯引起的泌汗障碍密切相关,而碳酸酐酶抑制作用并不是泌汗功能损害的主要原因。

ACE inhibitors, which are now widely used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, not only block the generation of Ang II from Ang I, but also prevent the degradation of bradykinin.

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂现今被广泛应用于高血压和心脏病的治疗中,不仅可以抑制Ang I 到Ang II 的转化,同时还可抑制BK 的降解。

Similarly, the Ca~(2+)-regulated K~+ channel blockers, BaCl_2 and quinidine decreased the K~+ current and slowed migration of B-16 melanoma cells.

结果表明,ET-1可以抑制这种细胞的钾电流,同时还可以抑制细胞的迁移。

For most viruses,there is aneed for antimicrobials that target unique viral molecular properties.Acycloviris one such drug.It is activated into ahuman herpesvirusDNA polymerase inhibitor exclusively by HHV kinases and,thus,does not suppress other viruses.Here,we show that ACV suppresses HIV-1in HHV-coinfected human tissues,but not in HHV-free tissue or cell cultures.However,addition of HHV-6-infected cells renders these cultures sensitive to anti-HIV ACV activity.We hypothesized that such HIV suppression requires ACV phosphorylation by HHV kinases.Indeed,an ACV monophosphorylated prodrug bypasses the HHV requirement for HIV suppression.Furthermore,phosphorylated ACV directly inhibits HIV-1reverse transcriptase,terminating DNA chain elongation,and can trap RT at the termination site.These data suggest that ACV anti-HIV-1activity may contribute to the response of HIV/HHV-coinfected patients to ACV treatment and could guide strategies for the development of new HIV-1RT inhibitors.

对大多数病毒而言,都需要有针对其分子特性的靶向杀毒剂阿昔洛韦就是这样一种靶向药物在人疱疹病毒酶的特定作用下,阿昔洛韦被激活成为人疱疹病毒DNA聚合酶抑制剂,因此不能再抑制其它的病毒我们的研究发现阿昔洛韦在共感染人疱疹病毒的组织中可以抑制HIV-1,但在无人疱疹病毒感染的组织或细胞中无此作用然而,加入人疱疹病毒-6感染的细胞却使得其对抗HIV的阿昔洛韦变得敏感我们推测这种抑制作用依赖于人疱疹病毒酶导致的阿昔洛韦磷酸化实际上,单磷酸化的阿昔洛韦前体药物无需人疱疹病毒的参与即可抑制HIV此外,磷酸化的阿昔洛韦能直接抑制HIV-1逆转录酶,将其阻止在终止位点,从而终止DNA链的延长这些结果提示阿昔洛韦的抗HIV-1活性决定了艾滋病病毒/人疱疹病毒共感染的患者对阿昔洛韦的治疗反应,也有助于开发新的HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂

Flow cytometry analysis revealed that NIT transiently transfected cells were arrested in G2 phase.

在HeLa细胞中大量表现NIT蛋白可以抑制细胞的生长,同时也可以抑制细胞生成聚落的能力。

In T cells,TGF-beta1 can inhibit their proliferation,inhibit the differentiation of Th1 and Th2,inhibit the differentiation of CTL,induce the generation of regulatory T cellsTregin B cells,TGF-beta1 can inhibit their proliferation,induce IgA class switch,it also can induce the apoptosis of immature and resting B cells;in NK cells,TGF-beta1 can inhibit the secretion of IFN-γand the cytolytic function of NK cells.

对T细胞,TGF-beta1可以抑制其增殖,抑制Th1和Th2细胞的分化,抑制CTL的分化,诱导调节性T细胞的产生;对B细胞,TGF-beta1可以抑制B细胞的增殖,诱导IgA的类别转换,还可以诱导不成熟和静息B细胞的凋亡。

This conclusion is based on three groups of experiments with detached root tips of wheat seedlings: By following the time course changes of NO synthase , superoxide synthase and ABA accumulation under dehydration stress, we found that ABA accumulation was preceeded by the changes of NOS and superoxide synthase. ABA accumulation induced by dehydtrion stress and osmotic stress can be blocked by NO scanvegers and NOS inhibitors, while only dehydration stress-induced ABA accumulation can be blocked by ROS scanvegers. Exogenous applied NO or ROS induced ABA accumulation in root tips of wheat seedlings, and synergistic effects were found between NO and NO. The in planta expereiments also proved that ROS and NO are involved in water stress-induced ABA accumulation.Ⅱ.

证据主要来自以离体根尖为材料的实验:(1)通过检测干旱胁迫下小麦根尖NOS活性、O〓合成酶活性和ABA积累的时间变化进程,发现ABA积累滞后于ROS和NO的变化;(2)抑制剂实验表明,NO清除剂和NOS抑制剂可以抑制自然干旱胁迫及渗透胁迫诱导的小麦根尖ABA积累,ROS清除剂抑制自然干旱胁迫诱导的ABA积累而不抑制渗透胁迫诱导的小麦根尖ABA积累;(3)在非胁迫条件下施加外源的ROS或NO可以诱导小麦根尖积累ABA,ROS和NO之间具有协同作用。

For normal adult male rat,calcitonin depresses the osteoclastic resorption obviously through reducing the number of active resorptive surface and depressing osteoclastic activity;on the other hand,calcitonin depresses the osteoid producing activity of osteoblasts by indirectly affecting the coupling process between resorption and formation.Calcitonin administered in short did not affect the bone volume.

降钙素对正常成年雄性大鼠松质骨而言,可以明显抑制破骨吸收,这种作用可能是通过减少活性吸收表面数量和降低破骨细胞的吸收功能来完成的;可以抑制成骨细胞形成类骨质的活性,这种作用可能不是直接的,而是通过降钙素对骨吸收的抑制作用进而影响了骨吸收与骨形成的之间的偶联而完成的;短期应用降钙素骨量无变化。

More importantly, the medicine can be used as cancer patients and chemotherapy drugs; in the field of biology can be used as a DNA replication inhibitor, can inhibit the root tip cells of many plant cell division, double hydroxyurea Purex process in the U / Pu separation application.

更重要的是医学方面,可以作为癌症病人和化疗药物;在生物学领域可以作为DNA复制抑制剂使用,可以抑制许多植物根尖细胞的细胞分裂,双羟基脲在Purex流程的U/Pu分离中的应用。

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