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The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C
本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性,利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料,PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料,制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池,比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下,以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%,皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率,可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离,减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率;此外,由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图,可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜,故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处;而在其他结构下则无此现象产生,致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极,使光电流提高,进而使光电转换效率提高。
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S." #, c-format msgid """If the problem persists, please copy the installation log which is located at %s and attach ""it (as install.log.zip) to a new forum topic in the %sG2 support forum%s or, if possible,""just add a link to the install.log in the forum topic such that the support staff can ""analyze it if necessary.
" msgstr """如果问题仍然存在,请拷贝在%s 中的安装记录,在%sG2 支援论譠%s中发表一个新话题,把它附在话题""中(如 install.log.zip),或者可以的话,留下指到 install.log 的真接链接。这样支援人员在需要的""时可以用来分析问题所在。
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Analysis shows that the proposed scheme can provide complete privacy preservation for the attributes of policy and credential, and also can avoid circle dependence problem caused by the related method.
分析表明,本方案可以对策略和证书的属性进行完全的隐私保护,并且可以避免传统方法所引起的循环依赖问题。
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And thirdly, the operational environment of independent directors system, which includes both internal environment and external environment should be improved. Some innovations are put forward in the thesis, such as independent directors of fund management company should mainly stand by the interest of not equityholders but fundholders, complementarity should be done between the independent directors system and the supervisory system, etc.
通过对国内外理论与实践的分析和评述,本文提出了我国基金管理公司独立董事主要应代表基金持有人利益而非股东利益、基金管理公司督察员制度在适当时机可以取消、独立董事制度和监事会制度可以实现功能互补、不应将独立董事与公司绩效直接挂钩等诸多新的观点。
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The state space of a piecewise linear system can be divided into several linear regions separated with hyperplanes. And the system with multiple nonlinearities can be analysed by the state space method.
根据分段线性系统的概念,可以将状态空间分成多个线性区域,各线性子空间通过超平面互相衔接,这样就可以用状态空间法来对这种具有多个非线性的系统进行分析。
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In this paper, the typical methods that how to identify English noun phrase are summarized and the results of these methods are compared.
名词短语的识别可以应用到机器翻译、信息检索、主题内容分析和文本处理,对名词短语的识别直接关系到文本分析和文本处理的正确性。
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Seismic amplitudes can be correlated to log lithologies using 90°-phased seismic data, and, consequently, seismic traces can be interpreted as wireline lithologic logs.
地震沉积学在高频率层序和沉积体系研究中有着特殊的优势。90°相位地震资料的振幅可以和岩性测井曲线对应,对地震资料进行90°相位转换后可以通过地震振幅分析岩相。
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Moreover, this study could provide insight into developing the analysis models which are with higher precision and can be applied on secondary planet remote sensing.The major contents in this study and main results are the following:(1)In-situ spectrum measurement and laboratory absorption measurement.
通过本文研究,除了可以获取典型研究区水体悬浮物的固有光学性质特性外,还将了解其时空变异幅度和变化规律,从微观和宏观两个角度初步分析其影响因素,为发展出准确程度更高的、能够应用于卫星遥感的分析模型打下基础。
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In this article, the author puts forward a method of phrase analyzing, by which we can recognize that one of the two-word phrase is original Mongolian word, the other word of the phrase is Turkic loan word.
使用词组分析法对蒙古语中由同义或近义的两个词构成的词组进行分析,发现通过此方法可以辨别出蒙古语中的一些突厥语借词。
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Based on the data analysis and numerical simulation, the Arctic sea ice climate variability was researched, the result were as following:(1) The analysis on the seasonal cycle of the Arctic Ocean and atmosphere showed that: The seasonal surface wind is somewhat trade wind like in some regions in the Arctic. The surface air temperature is robustly determined from the underlying environments such as sea ice and Greenland glaciers. In the sea ice region the precipitation rate is larger than that of evaporation. Furthermore, the Arctic Ocean hydrology is profoundly influenced by the surrounding rivers discharge. These are the decisive factors on the ocean salinity pattern. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait is larger in winter than in summer. From the 40s in the 20th century on, the ice volume flux has an increasing trend. The Arctic rivers flood season is about the melt period, the winter rivers discharge has a significant increasing. Correlation analysis shows that 7 to 10 years is a characteristic time scale that rivers discharge leads Fram Strait ice volume export.(2) Considering 9 major arctic rivers, the Arctic Ocean circulation was simulated through BOM. The result shows that: The BOM can reproduce the main Arctic Ocean circulation pattern. The"Islandization"which is commonly used in OGCMs to treat the North Pole, not only influences the ocean current near the pole, but also influences the current in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, thus the bogus island might influence global climate through thermohaline circulation in the Atlantic Ocean.
在资料分析和数值模拟的基础上,对北极海冰的气候变率进行了深入的研究,结果如下:(1)对北极地区大气和海洋季节循环特征的分析表明,气候平均风场在部分地区具有&信风&的性质;而气温场与海冰分布及格陵兰半岛冰原的下垫面特征有密切关系;在北极海冰区的降水量大于蒸发量,并且在全球大洋中北冰洋受到河流径流的影响最大,对北冰洋的盐度分布有决定作用;通过弗瑞姆海峡的海冰通量在冬半年大于夏半年,并且从20世纪40年代起,海冰的体积输送有增加趋势;北极河流的汛期主要在融化季节,冬季的河流流量有显著增加的趋势;相关分析表明7到10年是北极河流流量影响弗瑞姆海峡海冰体积输送的一个特征时间尺度;(2)采用BOM海洋模式对北冰洋海洋环流进行了模拟研究,在模式中考虑了北极9条主要河流的作用,结果表明该海洋模式可以较好模拟出北冰洋海洋环流的基本特征;多数大洋环流模式采用&北极岛化&的方法处理北极点,模拟结果表明&北极岛化&不仅影响到极点附近的海流,还会对相对较远的北大西洋海流造成影响,并可能通过大西洋的热盐环流对全球气候产生影响;(3)采用CSIM4海冰模式对北极海冰的气候态进行了模拟。
- 推荐网络例句
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As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.
每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸,那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛,她便会相信,他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。
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Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.
也许他们将在壶穴里消失
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But because of its youthful corporate culture—most people are hustled out of the door in their mid-40s—it had no one to send.
但是因为该公司年轻的企业文化——大多数员工在40来岁的时候都被请出公司——一时间没有好的人选。