可代谢的

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors play an important role in adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid metabolism, activation of PPAR may induce the differentiation of adipocyte,influence the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation,eventually lessen ectopic fat accumulation and improve the impaired insulin signaling,so the medicine which targets to the control point of FFA metabolism would be hopeful in the treatment of a cluster of metabolic abnormalities resulted from insulin resistance.

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体在脂肪细胞分化、脂肪酸代谢中起重要作用，PPAR及其所调控基因的激活可促进脂肪细胞分化、减少脂质产生、增加脂肪酸氧化，从而减少脂质的异位沉积，进一步改善损伤的胰岛素信号转导通路，逆转胰岛素抵抗。针对脂肪酸合成及氧化的关键调控点的药物可能是今后治疗胰岛素抵抗引发的一系列代谢异常的新的靶点。关键词过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体；脂肪酸代谢；胰岛素抵抗

The research results show:(1) we combine time series method with the dispersed Markov Chains theory of stochastic process, and present a Markov Model based the time series analysis for predicting the precipitation for groundwater resources evaluation. Results show that the time series-Markov Model is efficient, and it has higher accuracy than that of the single model of time series;(2) started from the systematic point of view, we analyze the metabolic process of groundwater, establish the ultimate metabolic equation of groundwater for protecting the water resources, and discuss the value of reducing evaporation for making full use of the water resources;(3) Through a theoretical analysis of the results of the experiments, we draw a conclusion: the critical depth on evaporation of groundwater is in step with the height of the maximal capillary rise of media.

通过理论分析与实验研究，得出主要结论如下：(1)论文将传统的时间序列方法与随机过程马尔可夫预报模型相结合，以预报大气降水量，并用于地下水资源评价，创造性的提出了地下水资源评价中降水量的时序——马尔可夫预报模型；(2)论文从系统的观念出发，分析了地球水循环中地下水代谢过程，建立了旨在保护水资源的地下水极限代谢条件方程，并进一步阐明了减少蒸发量和增加补给量在水资源保护中的重要作用；(3)论文通过实验研究和理论分析，论证了潜水蒸发存在极限埋藏深度，得出了潜水蒸发极限埋深与介质最大毛管水上升高度一致的重要结论。

BE a person machine body because of metabolism but creation various metabolism thing metabolism don't go out, cause'common cold', mouth cavity ulcerate, various burning disease, various wet, oil, stem skin disease, Sao Yang, ache etc. machine quality disease, these be"don't disease";Person machine body the organ have no decrepitude, but the body falsely can't go out various metabolism thing metabolism not, can also cause the paroxysm relapse and these be also"don't disease".

是人机体因新陈代谢而产生各种代谢物代谢不出去，就导致'感冒'、口腔溃疡、各种炎症、各种湿性、油性、干性皮肤疾病、瘙痒、疼痛等器质性疾病，这些就是"未病"；人机体器官没有衰老，但身体虚，不能把各种代谢物代谢不出去，也可导致疾病的复发，这些也是"未病"。

The relationship between standard metabolism (R〓, mgO〓/h/fish), wet weight and temperature was: lnRs=0.830+0.021T+0.670lnW in short term respiration trials. The relationship between feeding metabolism rate (R〓, mgO〓/g/d) and feeding rate was R〓=0.264C+36. 740 determined in short term respiration trials. The relationship between feeding metabolism , body weight and temperature for gibel carp at maximum feeding rate was R〓=-6. 237+0.697lnW+1. 940lnT.

异育银鲫标准代谢（R〓，mgO〓/h·fish）与水温及体重的关系可表述为：lnR〓=-0.830+0.021T+0.670lnW；异育银鲫摄食代谢率（R〓，mgO〓/g/d）与摄食率的关系可表述为：R〓=0.264C+36.740；结合以上两个模型进行推测，最大摄食率条件下异育银鲫摄食代谢与水温及体重的关系可表述为：R〓=-6.237+0.697lnW+1.940T

The conclusion indicated that pyruvate supplement could accelerate the speed of body energy metabolism and slower weight and body fat gain during exercises. Due to the influences of pyruvate supplement on the levels of enemies and hormones to adjust body lipometabolism during exercises, body blood lipid and glucose levels decreased, and the process of fat metabolism came under.

丙酮酸补充可在一定程度上减慢运动机体体重和体脂的增长速度，加快运动机体能量代谢速度；并通过影响运动机体脂肪代谢相关调控酶和激素水平，使其血脂和血糖水平下降，从而影响其脂肪代谢过程。

The measurement of nicotine and its major metabolites cotinine and trans-3 -hydroxicotinine together with other minor metabolites (e.g., cotinine N-oxide, cotinine, and trans-3 -hydroxicotinine glucuronides) in conventional and nonconventional biological matrices has been used as a biomarker to assess the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during childhood.

常规和非常规性生物基质内尼古丁、尼古丁主要代谢产物可替宁和反式-3-羟基可替宁及其他代谢产物（可替宁N-氧化物，可替宁和反式-3 –羟基可替宁葡萄糖苷酸）的检测可作为评价儿童期环境烟草烟雾暴露的一个生物标志物。

IDO inhibits the proliferation of eukaryotic intracellular pathogens or tumor cells by depriving them of tryptophan. IDO has been targeted for neurological disorders: it causes decrease of serotonin level in the brain resulting depression, and it causes the accumulation of neurotoxic quinolinic acid. IDO plays a key role in the suppression of T cell response and antitumor immune, it induces immune tolerance to embryo and explant.

IDO可通过降低微环境中色氨酸的浓度而达到抑制病原微生物增殖的作用； IDO与神经系统疾病也密切相关，它能降低5-羟色胺的水平而导致抑郁，也可造成脑中喹啉酸等具有神经毒性的代谢产物的累积； IDO在抑制T细胞免疫和抗肿瘤免疫、诱导母胎免疫耐受和移植物免疫耐受中均发挥重要的代谢性免疫调节作用。

In conclusion, our studies indicated that, by reducing the concentration of corticoid, increasing the GH concentration, dietary glutamine could maintain the N balance in the body, induce the intestinal glutamine extraction from blood, maintain the glutamine store in muscle tissue and plasma, decrease the glutamine flux from muscle tissue and protein catabolism. As the key fuel of intestinal mucosa and lymphocytes, exogenous glutamine maintained the intestinal structure, function and the CD4〓/CD8〓 ratio. In addition, glutamine normalized the SIgA containing cells'quantity and distribution through stimulating the IL-6 gene expression.

综合分析本研究的试验结果，我们认为，日粮中的外源性Gln可通过降低断奶应激后血清中皮质醇浓度，升高生长激素的浓度维持体内N的平衡，降低肠粘膜细胞从血浆中摄取的Gln，减少骨骼肌蛋白质的分解，维持骨骼肌和血浆中Gln浓度，维持淋巴细胞亚群中CD4〓/CD8〓比例；提供肠粘膜细胞能源和代谢的前体，维持肠粘膜正常的屏障结构和功能，通过刺激IL-6的表达，维持肠粘膜中SIgA分泌细胞的数量和肠道的局部免疫功能，并最终提高断奶仔猪的生产性能和抗病能力。

Music alcohol mechanism of anti-fatigue: Nano-peptide can promote aerobic metabolism, the rapid removal of excess lactic acid in muscles, faster removal of fatigue; when fatigue or liver disease, the other blocked amino acid metabolism, and branched-chain amino acids in muscle tissue can be metabolism, provide energy as the material, nano-peptide can be slowed down muscle protein breakdown and damage the body to ease the friction, and added the supply of glycogen after exercise, play the role of anti-fatigue.

酒乐的抗疲劳机理：纳米肽可促进有氧代谢，迅速清除肌肉中过多的乳酸，较快清除疲劳；当肝脏疲劳或病变时，其它氨基酸代谢受阻，而支链氨基酸可在肌肉组织中代谢，作为提供能量的物质，纳米肽可减缓肌肉蛋白的分解和肌体损伤，缓解内耗，并补充运动后糖原的供给，起到抗疲劳的作用。

I can still vividly recall the impressive scenes you gave. You were among my friends and relatives who accompanied me from my house to the seaport and when the porters were slow to show up, you obligingly carried my suitcase for me.

你对我的种种感人情意，使我记忆犹新，那天你随着我的亲友从家里送我上轮船，搬运工迟迟不来，你毅然替我提着皮箱上船。

St. Nicholas became the patron saint of Russia, where he was famous for his red cape, flowing white beard, and bishop's mitre.

圣尼古拉成了俄罗斯人的守护神，在那里，他以身披红斗篷，留着飘逸的白胡须，戴着主教法冠而闻名。