句法分析

After that, we calculate, describe and analyze the usage of each adverb of degree roundly, concretely and detailedly. The angles of study on each adverb mainly include the origin and development, the ability of combination, the function of syntax, the applicability of sentence-type, etc. We also compare the synonymy monosyllable and disyllable adverbs of degree synchronically from the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic angles.

然后对各个程度副词的使用情况进行全面、具体、详尽的计量、描写与分析，研究的角度主要包括来源发展、组合能力、句法功能、适用句式等，并对同义的单、双音节程度副词从句法、语义、语用的角度进行了共时的比较。

The regression analysis indicated that syntactic awareness was the only predictor of word reading and sentence reading comprehension, the strong predictor of text comprehension Phonological awareness was a significant predictor of text comprehension. Working memory was not a significant predicator for all reading tasks.

回归分析发现，英语句法意识对不同层次阅读都具有最显著的预测作用，但英语语音意识只对短文阅读理解有显著预测作用，工作记忆对不同层次阅读的预测都不显著，表明英语句法意识是初一学生英语阅读的重要预测变量。

The third chapter deduces the universal rules in the process of derivation. The substitution rule shows the nature of representations in two levels, the structure and the semantic levels with the features of combinatory and paradigmatic relations. The major parameter variations are interpreted with a weight on dislocation of word and the multi-functions of Wh-word in the frame work of the syntactical asymmetry. The fourth chapter further discusses the innate reasons of the English Wh-move and Korean Wh-in-situ in the syntactical system after summarizing the main findings of the comparison.

而后，在第三章采用演绎方法对英朝Wh-问句转换生成的共性规则，即指代规则在结构和语义两个层级上的指代特征及其聚合组合关系特征进行了分析；以句法不对称性为理论依据，以错位语序和wh-词的一词多功能为着眼点，对主要参数差异进行了生成解析；在第四章，对英朝Wh-问句对应关系和上述对比研究进行归纳总结的基础上，在句法系统中进一步讨论了英语WH-移位与朝鲜语WH-原位的言内原因。

The novelty of this paper lies in the relation of the semantic structure of verbs with their syntactic structure through the analysis of semantic and syntactic valency of verbs, which leads to the combination of form and meaning.

本文的创新之处在于，通过对动词语义配价和句法配价的分析，把动词的语义结构和句法结构联系起来，做到了形式和意义的结合。

In this dissertation, the author introduces some key concepts such as VP-shells, features of Core Functional Categories and particularly those of the light verb v into the study, and makes a detailed study of causative uses of both English ergative verbs and Chinese adjectival verbs. It is proved there exists the light verb v in Chinese causative uses.

本文引入了最简理论方案中的几个关键概念，如VP 壳、核心功能语类，尤其是轻动词v 及其句法特征，并运用这些概念对英语作格动词的致使性用法和汉语使动用法进行了详细的分析，确定了汉语使动用法中轻动词的存在及其句法结构，并合理地解释了在轻动词的影响下语序的改变以及致使意义的产生过程。

Analysis of the corpus make us believe that the "order" is subject to three impact factors: frequency distribution of syntactic location in native Chinese, universal information structure and cognition process, syntactic location's saliency of cognition and the corresponding difficulty of processing.

通过对语料的分析，我们认为，这一&顺序&受汉语中句法位的频率分布、普遍的信息结构及认知程序、句法位不同的认知显著度和相应的处理难度这三种因素的综合影响。

After the statistical analysis of the data from 10 cities at home and abroad, this paper added the road width indicator during the calculation, extended the space syntax, and got the experience formula of space syntax extension.

通过对国内外10个城市数据的空间统计分析，在计算过程中增加道路宽度指标，对空间句法进行扩展，并得到了空间句法扩展的经验公式。

through text analysis,this paper examines the syntactic and morphological means typically employed in introducing topics into chinese and english texts and their relations to discourse anaphora.we find that in both chinese and english the most important means for introducing the most important and accessible topics into discourse are the indefinite nps used as objects in existential-presentative sentences,and that the indefinite demonstrative adjective zheme and this can be used as an additional means to emphasize the importance of the entity introduced.however,the two languages differ in that,in english texts,apart from the above-mentioned linguistic devices,definite nps functioning as indirect objects and names functioning as subjects also tend to be used to introduce relatively important topics,and the emphatic one,in contrast to the indefinite article "a",can be used as another linguistic means to give additional emphasis on the relative importance of the topic introduced.

摘 要：本文以民间故事为语料，分析和研究了英汉篇章中话题引入的句法和形态手段及其与篇章回指的关系。我们发现，两种语言的主要相似之处为：1用作存现宾语的无定名词短语是引入篇章中最为重要和最为可及话题的主要手段；2英汉无定指示形容词this和&这么&可用于进一步强调所引入话题的重要性。两种语言最主要的差别是：1在汉语中，存现结构中的无定名词短语似乎是引入重要篇章话题的唯一形态句法手段；而在英语中，除此之外，用作间接宾语的有定名词短语和用作主语的专有名词也可以用于引入一个相对重要的篇章话题。2在英语篇章中，另有一个标示重要话题的附加手段，即以one代替a，以便进一步强调所引入话题的重要性。

In this paper we propose a novel method based the How Net ,which is a Chinese-English bilingual knowledge-based dictionary,to disambiguate the ambiguous syntactic structure.

以汉语句法结构分析中最普遍存在的句法结构歧义现象，即&动词短语+名词短语+的+名词短语&(VP+NP1+的/u+NP2)为研究对象，提出了一种基于知网知识库的歧义消解策略。

Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in natural language. In the course of communication between human beings, the ambiguity problem is not a great trouble because of the help of human intelligence. Therefore, it's not a problem to human translation of natural language. But for the machine who contains little intelligence, the ambiguous sentences begins to appear in a large scale and be a fundamental obstacle to machine translation . Statistics shows that a MT system with a welldefined syntactic rules produces 2. 8 parsing trees per sentence when English 900 is processed, and the average lexical ambiguity is 2. 5. Even though the property that language distribution is comparatively uneven have been taken into consideration, the probability to generate a correct daily-used sentence is below 40%.

歧义是自然语言中一个非常普遍的现象，在人们使用语言的过程中，由于人的特殊智能机制的存在，歧义并没有对理解构成太多的问题，因而也就没有对语言的翻译构成实质性的问题，但是，在基本上不具备智能机制的机器面前，歧义现象开始大量表现并对机器翻译构成威胁，实际统计表明，一个良好定义的语法分析系统在分析英语900句时，平均句法歧义2.8次，平均词汇歧义2.5次，即使考虑到句法及译义出现的概率的不均匀性，如果不作任何消歧处理，译对常用句子的可能性将低于40%，因此，解决机器翻译的歧义问题已成为众矢之的。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。