句法上的

With respect to syntax, the roles of tagmeme in the structure of word and sentence and Chomsky's Generative-Transformational Grammar are discussed. The spatial relation theory and existing research achievements are investigated. Having noticed the shortage of the capability of topological and metrical relation in the description of spatial information structure, the author proposes Combinational Qualitative Geometry based on the two invariables under ordinary transformations, distance ratio and direction difference, the CQG-based spatial relation system between topological and metrical constraint is thus constructed, on which several spatial relations such as parallel, perpendicularity, co-linearity, sequence and direct neighborhood are derived. Based on extended theory of spatial relation, the language anamorphosis is analyzed from the aspects of phonetics, semantics and syntax. The mere geometric and formalized spatial relation is then integrated with concrete geographic ontology to accommodate richer and indicative spatial configuration of spatial information in the different geographic context. Finally a syntax framework for spatial information is put forward.

在语法结构方面，首先阐述了法位和法素在语法结构词法和句法中的地位和作用，以及Chomsky生成转换语法的核心内容；详细介绍了地理信息系统空间关系理论及现有的研究成果；在分析现有的拓扑关系和量度关系对空间信息结构描述能力不足的基础上，提出了基于长度比和角度差两个不变量的组合定性几何，以此建立了介于拓扑及量度约束之间的组合定性关系体系，并以此为基础派生出平行、垂直、共线、次序、直接邻近等空间关系描述；本文基于扩展的空间关系理论，详细讨论了空间关系在语音、语法和语义三个方面的语言变体，将纯几何和纯形式化的空间关系与具体的地理本体结合起来，可以获得更为丰富的、更能反映空间关系在不同语言上下文中具体体现的组合关系；最后给出了一个空间信息的语法结构的基本框架。

Further, it discusses the conceptualization of words and its effect on syntax.

在此基础上，讨论词汇概念化及其对句法的影响。

The author of FSLJ employs simple and natural words, colloquial words and modal particles at lexical level, four-character structures and run-on sentences at syntactic level, and a novel petal-structure at textual level, to express the whole gamut of emotions from happiness to sorrow.

在《浮生六记》的写作过程中，作者在词汇层面上运用简单词、方言和文言虚词，句法层面上借助四字格和流水句，篇章层面上独创了花瓣状结构成功表达了平淡无奇却情真意切的娓语体风格。

This dissertation holds that topic is a pragmatic category, which is influenced by interaction of syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics. Topic is still in grammaticalization .

本文认为话题在句法形式上有一定的反映，如语法标记、语音停顿等，话题同时受到句法、语义、语用三者相互制约的影响。

On the basis of the model, the presence or absence of resumptive pronouns in constructions with a left dislocated argument is explained, and the grammaticality or ungrammaticality arising from the presence or absence of pronouns now finds a rigorous proof.

我们把汉语中的某些介词，如&把&、&被&和&给&处理为标示名词组修饰的节点在语义树中位置的标记，既解释了这些介词引入的名词组所受的句法位置上的限制，又佐证了关于动词词项行为假设的合理性。

First, a unified approach for segmentation and part of speech tagging is proposed based on hidden Markov model. The method not only conservers the merits of HMM which is simple and efficient but also improves the tagging accuracy. Then the head-driven model is used to recognize phrases. Head-driven model is a well-known English parsing model; we combine it with segmentation and POS tagging model and thus build a Chinese parser that can operate at the character level.

首先提出了一个一体化的分词/词性标注方法，该方法在隐马尔科夫模型的基础上引入词汇信息，既保留了HMM简单快速的特点，又有效提高了标注精度；然后应用中心驱动模型进行短语识别，这是一个词汇化的英文句法分析模型，该文将其同分词/词性标注模型结合进行汉语句法分析。

It is also possible that the same semantic valence may be expressed by different syntactic valences, while not change the meaning of the predicate.

语义配价合并则相反，指的是谓词的两个语义配价在句法结构层面上用一个句法配价体现的语义－句法现象。

The translators' translation strategies and especially their thinking at various stages are the major concerns of the investigation. The findings are as follows: 1. As soon as the translator uses his visual recognition system to build a linear sentence, the sentence will move down to the translator's FLS and FSS, which functions as sifters. 2. It is important to analyze out "participants","process" and "relations among them" by semantic analyzer. 3. Pragmatic analysis is sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious. 4. During the synthesis stage, translators tend to retain products synthesized from synthesis stage same in meaning, structure and style as the products analyzed from analyzer, which is the default way. However if he was not satisfied with the tentative products, he would send them back to syntactic analyzer or semantic analyzer to process them again. 5. Relative to synthesis, analysis is supposed to be the starting point.

主要推论如下：1、当译者用视觉辨认系统建立起线性的句子以后，句子就进入了译者的常用词汇存储和常用结构存储中，它们就像一个筛子，句子经过它们之后，在译者的短暂记忆中就剩下与它们没有重叠的生词和新句式结构了，然后这些生词和新句式结构就分别进入译者的词汇搜索机制和句法分析器中了。2、在翻译过程中进行&参与者&，&事件过程&以及&参与者与事件之间的关系&的语义分析，对于得到正确合适的翻译是非常重要的。3、语用分析有时是有意识的有时是无意识的。4、在合成阶段，译者通常都保持合成的结果和分析的结果在意义、形式、风格上一致，这是默认的途径，但是如果译者在合成阶段发现可能得到的结果不通顺或者译者不满意，他则会返回分析阶段，重新进行语用、语义或句法分析。5、分析是起点，合成是终点。

The results of the statistic analysis are as follows: 1 The intonation of interrogative sentence is expressed by the change of the pitch of the whole sentence rather than by the sentence final pitch alone; 2 The highest and lowest point of the tone nucleus and sentence final intonation in different interrogative sentences are higher than those of the declarative sentences; 3The difference between the questions in declarative word order and declarative sentence is larger than that between the other kinds of questions i.e.

统计分析的结果表明：(1)疑问语调不是仅仅由句末的音高来表现的，而是通过整句话的音高变化来实现的。(2)与陈述句相比，各种疑问句在语调上的共同特点是调核的调域和句末的调域都较高。(3)不带疑问结构的疑问句因为语调为其唯一的疑问标记，所以与陈述句的差异比带疑问词或疑问句法结构的疑问句与陈述句的差异更大。

Moreover, through the use of the self-presentation strategies, corporations from different industries seem to highlight different aspects of business status, identity and culture.

再者，这些来自不同产业文化的企业简历上，也显示了句法结构特性及词汇使用的差异性，尤其是在人称代名词和形容词的使用上。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。