句法上的

It separated 3-D space, 2-D space, temporal space and abstract space (focused on the first 3). 3-D space/2-D space belong to the same category in syntactic model; but 2-D space/ temporal space /abstract space share the same category when we talked about how to confirm the spatial direction. 2. It investigated a spatial system proposed by Mr. Qi Huyang, and argued that there is necessity to modify this system. 3. It enumerated a series of grammatical forms which are involved in the "Spatial System", and pointed out that there exits a relation among these forms: words representing "Spatial and Locative"→ phrases representing "Spatial and Locative"→ sentences representing "Spatial and Locative".

第三章研究"空间系统"的子系统。1、分出立体空间、线性空间、时间和抽象空间几大领域，在句法上，立体空间/线性空间是一类；但在如何确定方向场的问题上，线性空间/时间/抽象空间是一类。2、省视了齐沪扬先生已提出的一个空间系统体系，指出很有改进的必要。3、归纳了"空间系统"所涉及的各种语法形式，并指出它们构成"表示空间方位意义的词→表示空间方位意义的短语→表示空间方位意义的句子"的层次关系。4、辨析各种语法形式的语义域及其语义结构，并考察语法意义与语法形式的对应情况。

A pragmatic exploration of anaphoric repair in conversation;2. And from this point of view,taking anaphoric repair as an example,repair function of RD has been scrutinized.

在Geluykens的广义右偏置结构范畴的基础上，把对右偏置结构的探讨延伸至人际会话语篇，提出一个用以充分考察其等级性特征的等级连续体；并在此基础上，以照应修正为例，对这一句法结构的修正功能进行深入的探讨。

It is proposed that, in double negation, one negation governs another in the form of "the negation of negation".

双重否定在句法上必须是一个否定管辖另一个否定的形式。

In 'joking apart, we need to go now' the words 'joking apart' are syntactically independent.

在'言归正传，我们现在必须走了'中，'言归正传'这些词就是句法上独立的。

The contrastive research is fully conducted from Chapter Four to Chapter Six. Chapter Four studies negation in English and in Chinese at the lexical level, which can be further divided into three sublevels, namely, morpheme, word, and phrase. Chapter Five studies negative sentences, explicit negative form at the syntacticlevel. And the study covers the classification, syntactic feature, nonassertive/assertive items, scope/focus of negation, two important tendencies, and some common special negative sentences. Chapter Six focuses on the implied negative sentences in English. According 10 devices employed to achieve negation, implied negative sentences are divided into four categories, namely, implied negative sentences by grammatical devices, by semantic devices, by rhetorical devices, and by pragmatic devices.

从第四章到第六章具体地展开了英汉否定对比研究：第四章的研究在词汇平面上进行，分为语素、词语和词组：第五章对比研究了在句子平面上英汉否定中的显式现象—否定句，主要涉及否定句句法特征和分类、句型转换、否定范围和否定焦点、全句否定和局部否定、转移否定、双重否定、部分否定和全部否定、强调否定和否定问句回答等方面；第六章集中研究了英语含蓄否定句，按照一个含蓄否定句采用何种手段实现意义上的否定进行一下分类，把含蓄否定句分为四类—通过语法手段实现的含蓄否定句，通过语义手段实现的含蓄否定句，通过修辞手段实现的含蓄否定句，通过语用手段实现的含蓄否定句。

The work presented in this paper is a kind of application based on Chinese syntactic parsing.

摘要］ 本文介绍的工作是在汉语句法分析研究基础上的一种应用研究，对术语如何下定义问题进行了理论上的探讨。

Syntactically speaking, it is fairly representative of the varieties in Hubei, or even of the southern varieties.

句法上，大冶方言在湖北方言乃至南方方言中具有一定的代表性。

1Analyzing the various characteristics of quantified structures in Chinese by means of Generalized Quantifier Theory;(2)Extending the function of fragment of natural language. That is, this fragment can not only generate syntactically arguments, including square of opposition and syllogisms, in terms of quantified sentences in Chinese, but interprets semantically the logical validity of those arguments;(3) It is a new study from cognition to generate and interpret the arguments in fragment of natural language.

刻画量化结构及其推理的汉语部分语句系统，其价值如下：（1）运用广义量词理论的方法分析汉语量化结构的各种特征；（2）扩大自然语言部分语句系统的功能，不仅从句法上可以生成由汉语量化句表述的包括对当关系和三段论在内的推理，还能够从语义上解释这些推理句的逻辑有效性；（3）在自然语言部分语句系统内生成并解释推理，这是从认知角度研究推理的新视角。

That is , this fragment can not only generate syntactically arguments , including square of opposition and syllogisms , in ter ms of quantified sentences in Chinese , but interprets semantically the logical validity of those arguments 3 It is a new study from cognition to generate and interpret the arguments in fragment of natural language .

刻画量化结构及其推理的汉语部分语句系统，其价值如下：(1)运用广义量词理论的方法分析汉语量化结构的各种特征；(2)扩大自然语言部分语句系统的功能，不仅从句法上可以生成由汉语量化句表述的包括对当关系和三段论在内的推理，还能够从语义上解释这些推理句的逻辑有效性；(3)在自然语言部分语句系统内生成并解释推理，这是从认知角度研究推理的新视角。

ABSTRACT :By comparing the differences between immediate constituent analysis and syntactic constituent analysis from their standing points, applicable fields and the ways of dealing with the ambiguities, the article outlines the advantages of ICA in analyzing the structures of the sentences.

本文通过比较直接成分分析法与句法成分分析法在立足点，应用范围，和歧义句几个方面上的差异，总结出了直接成分分析法在说明结构上的优越性。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失