句法

It separated 3-D space, 2-D space, temporal space and abstract space (focused on the first 3). 3-D space/2-D space belong to the same category in syntactic model; but 2-D space/ temporal space /abstract space share the same category when we talked about how to confirm the spatial direction. 2. It investigated a spatial system proposed by Mr. Qi Huyang, and argued that there is necessity to modify this system. 3. It enumerated a series of grammatical forms which are involved in the "Spatial System", and pointed out that there exits a relation among these forms: words representing "Spatial and Locative"→ phrases representing "Spatial and Locative"→ sentences representing "Spatial and Locative".

第三章研究"空间系统"的子系统。1、分出立体空间、线性空间、时间和抽象空间几大领域，在句法上，立体空间/线性空间是一类；但在如何确定方向场的问题上，线性空间/时间/抽象空间是一类。2、省视了齐沪扬先生已提出的一个空间系统体系，指出很有改进的必要。3、归纳了"空间系统"所涉及的各种语法形式，并指出它们构成"表示空间方位意义的词→表示空间方位意义的短语→表示空间方位意义的句子"的层次关系。4、辨析各种语法形式的语义域及其语义结构，并考察语法意义与语法形式的对应情况。

The experimental results show that the accuracy rate is 96%.

实验结果表明，句法分析的准确率达到96%。

In contrast,the theory of generative syntax by Chomskyan school abolishes the unrealistic approach of traditional and structuralism grammar,and eliminates the gap between morphology and syntax.Thus it provides us with a totally new approach to deal with the agglutinative Altaic languages.

以乔姆斯基为代表的生成语法学派理论推翻了传统语法或结构主义语法不切实际的一套东西，摧毁了传统语法在词法和句法之间人为设置的藩篱，为阿尔泰语言的研究开辟了新的道路。

through text analysis,this paper examines the syntactic and morphological means typically employed in introducing topics into chinese and english texts and their relations to discourse anaphora.we find that in both chinese and english the most important means for introducing the most important and accessible topics into discourse are the indefinite nps used as objects in existential-presentative sentences,and that the indefinite demonstrative adjective zheme and this can be used as an additional means to emphasize the importance of the entity introduced.however,the two languages differ in that,in english texts,apart from the above-mentioned linguistic devices,definite nps functioning as indirect objects and names functioning as subjects also tend to be used to introduce relatively important topics,and the emphatic one,in contrast to the indefinite article "a",can be used as another linguistic means to give additional emphasis on the relative importance of the topic introduced.

摘 要：本文以民间故事为语料，分析和研究了英汉篇章中话题引入的句法和形态手段及其与篇章回指的关系。我们发现，两种语言的主要相似之处为：1用作存现宾语的无定名词短语是引入篇章中最为重要和最为可及话题的主要手段；2英汉无定指示形容词this和&这么&可用于进一步强调所引入话题的重要性。两种语言最主要的差别是：1在汉语中，存现结构中的无定名词短语似乎是引入重要篇章话题的唯一形态句法手段；而在英语中，除此之外，用作间接宾语的有定名词短语和用作主语的专有名词也可以用于引入一个相对重要的篇章话题。2在英语篇章中，另有一个标示重要话题的附加手段，即以one代替a，以便进一步强调所引入话题的重要性。

Collocations play an important role in parsing and verbs are the nucleus and precondition of parsing.

搭配是汉语自动句法分析的重要知识源，而动词是句法分析的核心和前提。

In this paper we propose a novel method based the How Net ,which is a Chinese-English bilingual knowledge-based dictionary,to disambiguate the ambiguous syntactic structure.

以汉语句法结构分析中最普遍存在的句法结构歧义现象，即&动词短语+名词短语+的+名词短语&(VP+NP1+的/u+NP2)为研究对象，提出了一种基于知网知识库的歧义消解策略。

Based on the analysis of the usage and the syntactic function of Chinese punctuations, this paper proposes a new hierarchical approach to parse the long Chinese sentences.

在分析汉语标点符号用法和句法功能的基础上，本文提出了一种新的面向汉语长句的层次化句法分析方法。

Based on the analysis of the usage and the syntactic function of Chinese punctuations,this paper proposes a new hierarchical approach to parse the long Chinese sentences.

摘要］ 在分析汉语标点符号用法和句法功能的基础上，本文提出了一种新的面向汉语长句的层次化句法分析方法。

This paper analyzes the syntactic constraints on linear sequence of authentic texts from corpora of Modern Chinese,and summarizes eight restriction rules of ,and shares some thoughts about the syntagmatic combination of in order to provide a basic language repository to support the computer processing of natural language.

本文根据语料库研究现代汉语真实文本中的线性序列的句法受限机制，总结出的八条受限规则，并对语法组合的句法组合机制进行了思考，以对自然语言的计算机处理提供基础的语言知识库支持。

Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in natural language. In the course of communication between human beings, the ambiguity problem is not a great trouble because of the help of human intelligence. Therefore, it's not a problem to human translation of natural language. But for the machine who contains little intelligence, the ambiguous sentences begins to appear in a large scale and be a fundamental obstacle to machine translation . Statistics shows that a MT system with a welldefined syntactic rules produces 2. 8 parsing trees per sentence when English 900 is processed, and the average lexical ambiguity is 2. 5. Even though the property that language distribution is comparatively uneven have been taken into consideration, the probability to generate a correct daily-used sentence is below 40%.

歧义是自然语言中一个非常普遍的现象，在人们使用语言的过程中，由于人的特殊智能机制的存在，歧义并没有对理解构成太多的问题，因而也就没有对语言的翻译构成实质性的问题，但是，在基本上不具备智能机制的机器面前，歧义现象开始大量表现并对机器翻译构成威胁，实际统计表明，一个良好定义的语法分析系统在分析英语900句时，平均句法歧义2.8次，平均词汇歧义2.5次，即使考虑到句法及译义出现的概率的不均匀性，如果不作任何消歧处理，译对常用句子的可能性将低于40%，因此，解决机器翻译的歧义问题已成为众矢之的。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。