句法

The main contents involve:(1)Character 着 ZHE;(2)The exceeding combination of verb reduplication;(3)The reduplicated adjectives and some special combination;(4) The reduplication of non-adjectives;(5) The reduplicated quantifiers;(6) The suffix 儿 ER;(7) The interrogative sentence 格 GE VP;(8)The special usage of V 得 DE and its sentence pattern.

本文主要运用描写语言学的方法，研究以下昆明方言虚词和某些句法现象：第一、&着&字，第二、动词重叠超常句法组配，第三、形容词重叠，第四、非形容词重叠式词及其特殊组配，第五、量词的特殊组配，第六、儿化，第七、&格VP&句，第八、特殊&V得&及其句型等其他问题。

As one of important language phenomenon and the grammar category, causatives is widely used in Uygur and Chinese, and it holds the unique status in the syntax and the semantic research.

致使句作为一种重要的语言现象和语法范畴，在维吾尔语和汉语中的使用都相当广泛，在句法和语义研究中占有独特地位，是两种语言在句法——语义界面对比研究的重点之一。

The main body of the thesis focuses five parts:the first part gives a brief explain to the bound,aim,meaning and acutuality of the research;the second part compares the transforming process and the syntactic features of the components of Chinese causatives and English causatives;the third part compares the semantic features and the Sentence Model of Chinese causatives and English causatives;the fourth part compares the pragmatic features of Chinese causatives and English causatives in terms of the action of the mark,and try to explain the results with cognitive theory; the last part sums up the whloe thesis.

本文共分五个部分：第一部分对研究范围、研究意义、研究方法、研究现状作了简要说明；第二部分从转换生成和组成成分句法特点两方面对两组致使句的句法特点进行了对比；第三部从句子成分语义特点和句模两方面对两组致使句的语义特点进行对比；第四部分从标记的凸显作用等方面对两组致使句的语用特点进行对比，并试图进行认知解释；第五部分是对全文的总结。

First, a unified approach for segmentation and part of speech tagging is proposed based on hidden Markov model. The method not only conservers the merits of HMM which is simple and efficient but also improves the tagging accuracy. Then the head-driven model is used to recognize phrases. Head-driven model is a well-known English parsing model; we combine it with segmentation and POS tagging model and thus build a Chinese parser that can operate at the character level.

首先提出了一个一体化的分词/词性标注方法，该方法在隐马尔科夫模型的基础上引入词汇信息，既保留了HMM简单快速的特点，又有效提高了标注精度；然后应用中心驱动模型进行短语识别，这是一个词汇化的英文句法分析模型，该文将其同分词/词性标注模型结合进行汉语句法分析。

In this dissertation, the author introduces some key concepts such as VP-shells, features of Core Functional Categories and particularly those of the light verb v into the study, and makes a detailed study of causative uses of both English ergative verbs and Chinese adjectival verbs. It is proved there exists the light verb v in Chinese causative uses.

本文引入了最简理论方案中的几个关键概念，如VP 壳、核心功能语类，尤其是轻动词v 及其句法特征，并运用这些概念对英语作格动词的致使性用法和汉语使动用法进行了详细的分析，确定了汉语使动用法中轻动词的存在及其句法结构，并合理地解释了在轻动词的影响下语序的改变以及致使意义的产生过程。

It is possible that the semantic valences of some predicates may not be expressed by syntactic positions.

语义配价分裂指的是谓词的一个复合语义配价分别用两个彼此没有从属关系的句法位表示的语义─句法现象。

The translators' translation strategies and especially their thinking at various stages are the major concerns of the investigation. The findings are as follows: 1. As soon as the translator uses his visual recognition system to build a linear sentence, the sentence will move down to the translator's FLS and FSS, which functions as sifters. 2. It is important to analyze out "participants","process" and "relations among them" by semantic analyzer. 3. Pragmatic analysis is sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious. 4. During the synthesis stage, translators tend to retain products synthesized from synthesis stage same in meaning, structure and style as the products analyzed from analyzer, which is the default way. However if he was not satisfied with the tentative products, he would send them back to syntactic analyzer or semantic analyzer to process them again. 5. Relative to synthesis, analysis is supposed to be the starting point.

主要推论如下：1、当译者用视觉辨认系统建立起线性的句子以后，句子就进入了译者的常用词汇存储和常用结构存储中，它们就像一个筛子，句子经过它们之后，在译者的短暂记忆中就剩下与它们没有重叠的生词和新句式结构了，然后这些生词和新句式结构就分别进入译者的词汇搜索机制和句法分析器中了。2、在翻译过程中进行&参与者&，&事件过程&以及&参与者与事件之间的关系&的语义分析，对于得到正确合适的翻译是非常重要的。3、语用分析有时是有意识的有时是无意识的。4、在合成阶段，译者通常都保持合成的结果和分析的结果在意义、形式、风格上一致，这是默认的途径，但是如果译者在合成阶段发现可能得到的结果不通顺或者译者不满意，他则会返回分析阶段，重新进行语用、语义或句法分析。5、分析是起点，合成是终点。

Analysis of the corpus make us believe that the "order" is subject to three impact factors: frequency distribution of syntactic location in native Chinese, universal information structure and cognition process, syntactic location's saliency of cognition and the corresponding difficulty of processing.

通过对语料的分析，我们认为，这一&顺序&受汉语中句法位的频率分布、普遍的信息结构及认知程序、句法位不同的认知显著度和相应的处理难度这三种因素的综合影响。

In this thesis,we also mentioned five types of syntactic compounds which are a mandarin-specific compound,apposed with Japanese post-syntactic compounds (Shibatani and Kagayama 1998) and Hebrew construct state nominals(Borer 1988), all of which are arguing to be formed in syntax.

在复合词和句法关系方面，本文发现：核心重音的&聚散力量&不仅是制约嵌偶单音词分布的重要机制，还是致使五种嵌偶韵律词(动介、动补、动补、状动和定中式)成为句法复合词的动因，更是区别它与同类型短语的&尺度&。

After the statistical analysis of the data from 10 cities at home and abroad, this paper added the road width indicator during the calculation, extended the space syntax, and got the experience formula of space syntax extension.

通过对国内外10个城市数据的空间统计分析，在计算过程中增加道路宽度指标，对空间句法进行扩展，并得到了空间句法扩展的经验公式。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了