句法

The basic idea is that we use entropy and conditional entropy to measure whether a feature type grasps some of the information for syntactic structure prediction.

如果加入某个特征类型之后当前句法结构的不确定性明显下降，则认为该特征类型抓住了上下文中影响句法结构的某些主要信息。

In contrast, in second and fourth experiments, decision latencies also showed both semantic and syntactic effects, but latencies appeared to be conjointly determined by syntactic and semantic context.

实验一和实验三发现，语义违反对词汇命名没有抑制作用，而句法违反对词汇命名有抑制作用。实验二和实验四发现，语义违反和句法违反均对词汇决定任务有抑制作用。

TT models, this paper established a new one of "subject omission", designating the overlapped part of the "input variance" and the "output variance", also the common part in both "semantic translation and "communicative translation". Thus, this new strategy not only gets popular with foreign readers, but also conveys and transferred the original flavor. It effectively absorbs the valid ingredients of the "disembodiment approach, and is proposed as a partly foreignization strategy, which are both initiated in this paper. Starting from the definition and function of subject omission, this paper illustrates its correlations with the characteristics of classical Chinese, features of poetic syntax and translation standard, followed by its close intimacy with the many traits of poetic aesthetics.

本文从马藤和纽马克的翻译模型出发，找到了input variance和 output variance，也即 Semantic Translation 与 Communicative Translation 中重叠的部分，即既能为外语读者所熟悉，又能体现原诗风格意境的结点：主语省略，融合了西洋翻译实验中"脱体句法"的合理成分，建立了诗歌翻译和主语省略关系的新模型，提出了中文诗歌部分异化的策略(与荷尔马斯诗歌翻译策略之三吻合)本文首先从主语省略的定义及功能入手，分别阐述了其与文言文的语言特征，诗歌句法的特征及与翻译标准之间的内在联系，及其与诗歌美学众特征之间的紧密联系。

The second part focuses on inspecting the similarities and differences of the symonymly monosyllable and disyllable nouns in syntax from the perspectives of lexical category, collocation and syntactic elements.

第二部分主要从词性、搭配以及充当句法成分的情况等方面，在近义单、双音节名词词义基本相同的情况下，考察它们在句法上的不同。

After that, we calculate, describe and analyze the usage of each adverb of degree roundly, concretely and detailedly. The angles of study on each adverb mainly include the origin and development, the ability of combination, the function of syntax, the applicability of sentence-type, etc. We also compare the synonymy monosyllable and disyllable adverbs of degree synchronically from the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic angles.

然后对各个程度副词的使用情况进行全面、具体、详尽的计量、描写与分析，研究的角度主要包括来源发展、组合能力、句法功能、适用句式等，并对同义的单、双音节程度副词从句法、语义、语用的角度进行了共时的比较。

The main difference between the parser of natural language and formal language is the uncertainty of natural language.

自然语言的句法分析不同于程序设计语言的句法分析，主要在于自然语言的不确定性。

Therefore, it promotes this comparative study rather instructively. This paper adopts the comparative method and studies the syntactic and semantic similarities and differences of passive voices among English, French and Chinese on the basis of the theory of Chomsky "principle parameters". This paper also analyzes the profound reason for the differences: cultural differences and finds that it is just the historical and cultural element that make the external differences into being.

本文运用对比分析的方法，以乔姆斯基原则与参数理论为基础，从句法上和语义上比较分析了英语、法语和汉语的被动语态的异同，并从历史文化上分析了这些异同产生的原因，通过分析研究得知，英语、法语和汉语的被动语态不仅在句法和语义上有许多差异，而且这些差异的存在是由于深层的历史、政治和文化上的原因所造成的。

A series of spatial syntactic variables is discussed in the paper. Taking Wuhan's traffic axial map as a case, spatial syntactic variables of multi-scale spatial extent based on GIS are analyzed. A conclusion is that the accessibility is the key factor that weighs an urban spatial morphology, and the integration degree is a direct variable describing accessibility.

讨论了空间句法的系列变量，并以武汉市为例，提取武汉市的交通网络轴线地图，在GIS环境下讨论了不同尺度空间范围内的空间句法变量，得出空间可达性是评价城市空间形态的重要因子，而集成度是描述空间可达性的直接变量。

So far, most syntactic parsers neglect the punctuations or oversimplify their functions. However, it is actually very important information of syntactic characters.

目前大部分句法解析器都忽略标点符号这一重要的句法特征或者只进行非常简单的处理。

Firstly, prosodic boundaries of 1991 common sentences were labeled based on speech perception experiment, relation between prosodic structure and syntactic structure was examined after immediate constituent analysis, an example of prosodic phrasing from text sentences was provided using CART. Then, using designed sentences, phenomena of downstep and declination in pitch downtrend of Chinese declarative sentences were examined, commonness and speciality of Chinese intonation were discussed.

中文摘要针对韵律短语切分问题，本研究首先基于语料库语言学的研究方法，对语料库中具有不同句法结构和韵律结构的1991个汉语常用句，进行了以语音感知为基础的韵律边界标注；对语料文本进行句法分析后，得到了各级韵律边界和句法边界的相互关系；并使用CART决策树对韵律短语边界进行了切分实验。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。