句法

The second part of the investigation places aspectual auxiliaries in various grammatical structures and grammatical slots in order to define their distributional capability and determine the variation of their grammatical meaning in different distributions.

第二步考察是把体貌助词放到各种句法结构和句法槽里，以确定它的句法分布能力，揭示它的语法意义在不同分布里的变异情况。

Relative frequency and context bias conjointly act on the assignment of syntactic category. It is consistent with lexicalist theory, in which all kinds of knowledge are involved in syntactic and lexical ambiguity resolution, lots of constraints are available in parsing and meaning access, and the two types of ambiguities are resolved by the same processing mechanism.

3相对频率和语境偏向性共同影响歧义词意义通达和句法类别分配，支持词汇主义观点：广泛的知识被用于句法和词汇歧义解决，多种制约共同影响早期的句法分析和词汇意义通达，两种歧义解决的机制相同。

Dynamic Analysis with Pragmatic Factors In this part, the sentence pattern system of Modern Chinese is formed on the basis of the Endocentric Structure Model, the former, as well as the latter, is a static system, and it acts like the function of typical phoneme in phonology.

并且还提出了现代汉语一个具有普遍意义的结构模式：向心结构模式，它与我们提出的语义"有向交"理论相吻合。通过语义、句法的讨论，本文建立起了一个以短语结构为基础的静态的句法模型，称为典型句法模式，即一种特殊的句子变体，使之成为下一步动态分析的坐标。 2）结合语用因素的动态分析。

The basic language knowledge element s are formed by vocabulary and syntax,syntax and synatex knowledge,and composition.

基础语言知识因素由词汇与句法、句法与句法知识和章法构成。

There are distinct differences between English and Chinese in the aspect of sentence structures. The basic and universal differences are that English is hypotactic, static and tree-like while Chinese is paratactic, dynamic and bamboo-like.

英汉两种语言在句法结构方面有很大的差异，其中最为基础性和普遍性的差异为：英语句子重形和、汉语句子重意和，英语是静态型语言、汉语是动态型语言，英语句法结构象树状、汉语句法结构象竹状。

Current researches show little attention to this structure and thus this paper is devoted to an overall understanding of this structure. The content of this thesis focuses on the following three aspects:First, when restricting the potential semantic range of noun phrases with its own proposition, the modifying clauses in English and Chinese share the same semantic features. That is to say, the modified noun phrase and the predicate of the clause depend on each other for existence. This semantic restrictiveness is obligatory for the clause and the noun phrase it modifies in both languages. Second, though sharing the same potential conceptual meaning, the combination of a clause and its modified noun phrase shows different syntactic position in surface structure as well as the inner structure of the clause. Based on a full description of syntactic characteristics of this kind of clause, the present thesis points out the differences and similarities existing in surface structure between English and Chinese. Finally, under the guidance of Chomskys Minimalist Program(1995), the thesis analyses the derivational processes of this structure in both languages.

现有的对比研究对于该结构的探讨，不论是在描述和解释上都是不完备的，为了深化这一句法结构的认识，本文从如下几个方面对英汉分句作定语修饰名词的现象进行了对比：首先，分句用自身的命题限制中心名词的语义范围时，在两种语言中具有相同的语义特征，即中心名词与分句内部的谓词之间存在依存关系，分句修饰名词必然受到语义的限制，是英汉两种语言必须共同遵守的准则；其次，英汉两种语言中表达相同概念意义的这一句法单位与其修饰的名词结合后，在表层结构中体现出不同的位置关系，且分句内部的句法结构也各有特点，本文在充分对其句法特征描述的基础上，指出二者在表层形式上的差异和共性；最后，尝试在乔姆斯基的最简方案(1995)框架内，演示英汉两种语言。

The profound deductive basis greatly strengthens the operationality, computability, and logical necessity of TLG, and thus efficiently excludes the unreasonable stipulatory practice (such as the stipulation of transformational rules in Transformational Generative Grammar) in the study of natural language.

类型-逻辑语法通过语义类型的媒介作用，把句法范畴同与之具有相同语义类型的λ-词项关联起来，每一条句法规则都对应于一条语义规则，句法和语义同时生成，从而实现了其句法理论和语义理论的完全同构对应，严格遵循了意义组合原则。

As Space Syntax theory and Eisenman both refer to the concept of Syntax advocate by Chomsky, this paper tries to clarify the different meaning of Syntax in both theories. By doing this, it is hoped that a better understanding of Space Syntax theory can be gained. From literature review and case study, it is proposed that there are three main differences between the meanings of two theories in Syntax. And the difference is mainly due to the different value preference hold by Hillier and Eisenman.

从空间句法理论和埃森曼的住宅系列研究都引用了乔姆斯基的句法概念这个现象入手，试图比较&句法&概念在两者中不同的运用，从而加深对空间句法理论的理解文章经过文献分析和例证，总结了句法概念在两者中的3点主要差异，并提出希列尔和埃森曼所持有的不同的价值倾向是导致差异产生的关键原因。

With the aid of the parser tree of L, the authors analyse some characteristics of words belonging to Adh, and prove iteration theorems for adherences of regular languages and context-free languages, thus solving the problem on syntactic structure for the adherence of corresponding languages.

语言附着的句法结构郭清泉（山东大学计算机科学系，济南250100）摘要本文研究语言L的附着Adh的句法结构，借助于L的语法分析树，我们分析了Adh的句法特征，提出并证明了正规语言和上下文无关语言附着的叠代定理，从而解决了这两类语言的附着的句法

There also appeared more flexible word order, some new grammatical categories, such as gender, number and aspect, some new sentence structures and more precise grammar responsive to the needs of the times.

句法方面出现了文言、古白话句法的沉淀，以及新、旧句法成分合并而形成的句法&杂合&现象，同时还有&性数体&等语法范畴的生成与变化、主语的频繁使用以及新结构的产生，出现了句法严密化、情感化的发展趋向。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了