古生层

When data are insufficient,chemical analysis of REE can be used to rebuilt the lithofacies paleogeography of sequence. This method is favourable for the analyses of source,reservoir and cap rocks in the sequence framework.

在缺乏其它资料的情况下，应用稀土元素地球化学分析方法可恢复地层层序的岩相古地理，指导层序地层框架内油气生、储、盖条件的研究。

Carbonate cements are the most abundant authigenic minerals in the Palaeogene sandstones of Lishui sag, East China Sea basin .

碳酸盐胶结物是东海盆地丽水凹陷古近系储层砂岩中最为重要的自生矿物，主要类型为铁白云石和方解石。

Based on lots of achievements of predecessors, directed by reservoir sedimentology, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and petroleum geology, taking full advantage of loggin, core and thin section data from different wells, this paper has taken detailed study on the Upper Paleozoic strata in Tabamiao area.

本论文在众多前人研究成果的基础上，以储层沉积学，及高分辨率层序地层学、石油地质学等理论为指导，充分利用测井、钻井岩芯、薄片鉴定等资料，针对塔巴庙地区上古生界沉积相及沉积微相类型与展布，高分辨率层序地层特征与层序—岩相古地理演化，成岩作用类型与序列，孔隙类型与特征，以及储层物性特征与分布规律等方面展开了系统深入研究，最后对有利区带进行了预测。

According to the seismic data, well logging data and logging data, the sequence stratigraphy of the Palaeogene of the northern section in the eastern sag of Liaohe Basin was researched.

利用地震、测井、录井等资料，对辽河盆地东部凹陷北段古近系进行了层序地层学分析，并对每个层序的发育特征、生储盖组合及油气藏类型进行了详细研究。

According to the seismic data, well logging data and logging data, the sequence stratigraphy of the Palaeogene of the northern section in the eastern sag of Liaohe Basin was researched. As a super sequence in this area, the Palaeogene was classified into four sequences.

利用地震、测井、录井等资料，对辽河盆地东部凹陷北段古近系进行了层序地层学分析，并对每个层序的发育特征、生储盖组合及油气藏类型进行了详细研究。

Aimed at these problem, this paper taked 63 well drilling's rock mineral document and logging document as main analysis object, combined reservoir sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, logging geology together to research sedimentary system, sequence stratigraphy, lithofacies paleographic, sandbody distribution three dimensional visualization, reservoir character and reservoir sandbody comprehensive evaluation, it offers reference and criterion for Changbei gas field gas reservoir's exploration and development.

针对目前所存在的地质问题，本论文以63口钻井的岩矿资料和测井资料为主要分析对象，运用储层沉积学、层序地层学、测井地质学等多学科交叉的综合研究方法，对长北气田上古生界二叠系山西组2段进行沉积体系、层序地层、岩相古地理、砂体展布三维可视化、储层特征以及储集砂体综合评价和有利区预测等方面进行系统和深入的研究，为更有效地勘探开发长北气田提供科学依据。

We have concluded five key tectonics geologic characteristics of Chinese foreland basins based on the study of the sedimentary infill, tectonics evolution, tectonic dynamics, spatial location distribution and structural deformation geometry.(1) The foreland basin is the superimposition of the compression sedimentary stratigraphic sequence with the extension basin, and the foreland basin includes underlying rift basin and upper dustpan flexure deposited basin.(2) The foreland thrustfold structural deformation has occurred four times since the Protozoic, in the Late Caledonian, Late Hercynian, Indosinan and Late Himalayan, respectively.(3) The foreland basin developed based on the control of two factors that are the basin basement collaged by many small plates or terrains and the rejuvenation of ancient orogenic belt, so the foreland basins or foreland thrusts are located in front of ancient orogenic belt.(4) The foreland basins and the rejuvenation of ancient orogenic belt make up a giant basinmountains system resulting from the distant effect of IndiaEurasia collision, which is located on the outer circle of Tibet Plateau, so the thrust deformation intensity, basin deposition range and coupling between orogenic belt and basin changed from strong to weak as from interior to outer circle of Tibet Plateau.(5) There are many structural styles of the thrust and fold belt in different basins, such as brittle behavior faultrelated fold, ductile behavior basementinvolved structure, basementinvolved faultrelated fold, and salt structure.

在综述前人认识的基础上，笔者通过对中国前陆盆地的构造演化历程、沉积充填特征、构造成因及其空间分布规律、构造变形特征等的研究，提出了中国前陆盆地构造地质发育的5个主要特征：(1)两种不同性质的原型盆地发生正反转的叠合性，即挤压构造下作为&本体&的前陆层序与拉张构造下作为&基础&的裂谷、断陷盆地之间的叠置；(2)显生宙以来中国大陆先后发生了4期前陆冲断构造演化的多期性，它们分别是加里东晚期、海西晚期、印支期和喜马拉雅晚期；(3)基于小克拉通基底拼贴后在造山带前缘复活再生的继承性，即统一拼合大陆内部的构造变形导致古造山带的复活，在古造山带边缘发育新生代前陆盆地或前陆冲断带；(4)在空间分布上受环青藏高原巨型盆山体系控制发生陆内变形的系统性，在环青藏高原巨型盆山体系内构造变形强度、盆地沉降幅度、盆山耦合程度等从内环向外环依次降低，从古造山带向克拉通方向构造变形强度依次降低，构造变形样式逐渐简单、构造变形时间依次变新；(5)前陆冲断带的构造样式由于受边界力学条件和沉积地层介质作用而具有多变性，存在沉积盖层内脆性变形的断层相关褶皱、造山带前缘韧性变形的基底卷入构造、与走滑构造相伴生的基底卷入的断层相关褶皱、盆地内部塑性变形的盐构造。

Reefs, reef-mounds and lime mud mounds are all carbonate buildups, and the reefs and banks are important targets for petroleum exploration The reefs, banks and mounds should be divided from each other not only in theory, but also in exploration practice, because of so many differences in sedimentary compositions, fabrics, environments, distribution in time and space, and the characteristics of petroleum geology If the original reef or bank itself was fine reservoir rocks, then it would become a better reservoir after the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The formation of a high quality carbonate reservoir is controlled by two factors: the sedimentary microfacies and the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The first is the basis for the formation of a high quality reservoir, and with the high energy reefbank facies as the best; the latter includes the cataclasis, the dolomitization and the karstification The dolomitization and karstification are the best for the formation of a high quality reservoir The karstification has the widest distribution, profoundest effect, and plays a vital role in the high quality reservoir forming The karst types are quite rich in the limestone reef or bank reservoir, including synsedimentary karst, penesedimentary karst, supergene karst and hydrothermal karst, and so does the dolomitization reef or bank reservoir The formation mechanism of synsedimentary karst and penesedimentary karst is related to the short time exposing and leaching of the cyclical highfrequency shallowupward sequence when the reefs or banks are forming The supergene karst is controlled by the exposing and leaching of tertiary cyclic sequence type I interface after the reefs or banks forming Thus, there developed a great deal of secondary corrosion pores, corrosion fractures and huge caves besides some original pores remained in the reef and bank reservoir Scarcely there are any original effective pores in reefmounds and lime mud mounds, especially in senkes among mounds, but secondary pores could be formed by karstification, and there would likely develop source rocks with high organic abundance

礁、礁丘、丘同属碳酸盐建隆，礁、滩是重要勘探目的层。但各自在沉积组分、组构、环境和时空分布，以及油气地质条件上迥然不同，因而无论从理论还是勘探实践上，都有必要将其各成体系划分开来。礁滩自身为好储集岩，当建设性成岩作用叠加后可形成好的储层。碳酸盐岩优质储层形成，主要受沉积微相与建设性成岩作用两大因素控制。前者是基础，并以高能的礁滩相带为最好；后者主要包括破裂、白云石化和溶蚀三大类，并以白云石化或溶蚀为最优，其中的溶蚀分布最广泛、影响最深刻而对优质储层形成起决定性作用。礁滩储层中的古岩溶类型最为丰富多彩，包括同生期、准同生期、表生期和埋藏期热流体岩溶的所有类型，白云岩化礁滩体也不例外。其中，同生准同生期岩溶的形成机制与礁滩沉积时高频层序旋回向上变浅序列的短暂暴露淋溶有关，表生期岩溶则受控于礁滩沉积后三级层序旋回Ⅰ型界面的暴露淋溶。由此，导致礁滩储层中除了可以也是唯一保存原生孔隙外，还发育了次生溶蚀孔洞缝和大型溶洞。礁丘、灰泥丘尤其是丘间洼地中发育高有机质丰度烃源岩；它们自身没有有效的原生孔隙，但岩溶作用可以形成次生孔隙。

Peleozoic gas exploration and development have achieved great progress in Ordos Basin .

鄂尔多斯盆地古生界天然气的勘探及开发已经取得了很大的成绩，这些油气田的储集层或多或少与碳酸盐岩有着密切的关系。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。