古生代的

The Devonian Was the Age of Fish!

当古生代的海洋闭合，各大陆开始互相碰撞。

Palaeozoic Era 古生代A new era is dawning.

一个新的时代开始出现了。

Its original rocks is one of the Paleozoic sedimentary formation in black.

据闻，其原岩是形成于古生代的黑色沉积岩。

Through several years' field observation and through the comprehensive analysis on fossils identification, rock geochemical test result and rock property, it is shown that the late Paleozoic radiolarian silicalite and its rock combination are a suite of oceanic basin abyssal facies deposition, and the Bazukeng Formation of Dengshan Group is a suite of early Paleozoic neritic continental shelf bathyal facies deposition.

经数年野外多次观察和对室内化石鉴定、岩石地球化学测试结果以及岩石学特征的综合分析表明，所发现的含晚古生代放射虫硅质岩及其岩石组合是一套洋盆深水相沉积；登山群拔竹坑组，是早古生代的一套浅水陆棚-深水陆棚-半深海相沉积。

And whether is it necessary to redefine the geotectonic pattern in southern China? In 1993, the authors discovered firstly the late Paleozoic radiolarian silicalite in the "Shuangqiaoshan Group", which, as we know, is a block within the ophiolitic mélange. In 1996, the authors discovered again the late Paleozoic fossils in the other rocks of "Shuangqiaoshan Group" and "Zhitang Formation" of Lower Sinian Series in the ophiolitic mélange. At the same time, the authors discovered firstly the early Paleozoic chitinozoa fossils.

因此，再次将"板溪群"是否是前震旦纪的一个变质地层单位、江南古陆是否存在以及华南大地构造格局是否需要重新厘定等问题提了出来。1993年笔者于赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带内的"双桥山群"岩块中，首次发现了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩。1996年又在该混杂岩带多处的"双桥山群"岩块和"下震旦统志棠组"中找到了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩，还首次在"登山群拔竹坑组"中发现了早古生代的几丁虫化石。

In the term of sedimentary features of Neopaleozoic in south of North China Basin, lateral variation of sedimentary facies was studied selectively in Benxi-Taiyuan Formation, Shanxi Formation, Lower Shihezi Formation, Upper Shihezi Formation and Shiqianfeng Formation. Lithofacies paleographic features and the sedimentary evolutionary process of Late Paleozoic in south of North China Basin were worked also.

根据华北盆地南部上古生界的沉积特点，按本溪组—太原组、山西组、下石盒子组、上石盒子组和石千峰组5个层组分别开展了沉积相的横向变化对比研究，并以此为基础探讨了华北盆地南部晚古生代的岩相古地理特征及其沉积演化过程。

Based on the date of outcrop, log and lithology, sequence stratigraphic division and correlation were made on Neopaleozoic in south of North China Basin, and high-precision geologic correlation framework was built up in the basin.2. In the term of sedimentary features of Neopaleozoic in south of North China Basin, lateral variation of sedimentary facies was studied selectively in Benxi-Taiyuan Formation, Shanxi Formation, Lower Shihezi Formation, Upper Shihezi Formation and Shiqianfeng Formation. Lithofacies paleographic features and the sedimentary evolutionary process of Late Paleozoic in south of North China Basin were worked also.3. On the basis of sand-bodies Isopach figure drawing, the distribution of major reservoir sand-bodies of Neopaleozoic in south of North China Basin was studied. Basing on the distribution of sand-bodies in sequence stratigraphic framework, combining the development and distribution features of barrier and underwater distributary channel, there is a disquisition on the distribution regularity of pay reservoir sand-bodies of Neopaleozoic in this area.

以露头、测井和岩性资料为基础，对华北盆地南部上古生界进行了层序地层的划分与对比工作，建立了盆地范围内的高精度地层对比格架。2、根据华北盆地南部上古生界的沉积特点，按本溪组—太原组、山西组、下石盒子组、上石盒子组和石千峰组5个层组分别开展了沉积相的横向变化对比研究，并以此为基础探讨了华北盆地南部晚古生代的岩相古地理特征及其沉积演化过程。3、以编制砂体等厚图的方式研究了华北盆地南部上古生界主要储集砂体的平面展布规律，并以层序地层格架下的砂体展布研究为基础，从沉积体系控制下的砂体分布特点出发，结合障壁岛与水下分流河道的发育与分布特点，系统深入地开展了区内上古生界有利储集砂体的分布规律研究。

Kalamaili suture zone is an important plate boundary in north Xinjiang, and there are plenty of Neopaleozoic volcanic rocks around itThese volcanic rocks are enriched in LILEs and relatively depleted in HFSEs, and they are also characterized by high Nb, Zr, TiO2 contents and Zr/Y, Nb/Y ratios, and depleted SrNd isotopesThe characteristics of these volcanic rocks suggest that they were produced in postcollisional periodThe postcollisional volcanic rocks around Kalamaili suture zone become younger from west to east, which indicates that this suture zone entered postcollisional period gradually from west to east, and reflects that the Kalamaili Ocean had been closed gradually from west to eastAs to the Kalamaili suture zone in postcollisional period, the lithosphere extended and thinned, and the asthenosphere materials upwelled and melted partially, and intensive mantle convection occurred, leading to a plenty of mantlederived magmas underplating the suture zoneThe lithospheric mantle metasomatized by fluid in subduction period melted partially under decompression and high temperature, the resulting melts contaminated the underplating asthenospheric materials, and the erupted lavas became the Neopaleozoic postcollisional volcanic rocks

卡拉麦里缝合带是北疆的一条重要界线，沿该带广泛发育晚古生代火山岩。这些火山岩具有LILE相对富集、HFSE相对亏损的特征，且具有较高的Nb、Zr、TiO2含量和Zr/Y、Nb/Y比值，SrNd同位素主要表现出亏损的特征。综合分析表明，这些火山岩形成于后碰撞期。对卡拉麦里缝合带而言，从西向东后碰撞火山岩的时代逐渐变新，表明该缝合带从西向东逐渐演化进入后碰撞期，这从侧面反映了卡拉麦里洋盆是从西向东逐渐关闭的。对卡拉麦里缝合带而言，在后碰撞期，岩石圈伸展减薄，软流圈地幔物质上涌并发生部分熔融，加上地幔对流作用强烈，使得缝合带下产生了大规模的幔源岩浆底垫；先前在洋壳消减期被流体交代提取过的岩石圈地幔也在低压高温下发生部分熔融，形成的熔体混染了底垫的软流圈物质并喷发，形成了晚古生代的后碰撞期火山岩。

And whether is it necessary to redefine the geotectonic pattern in southern China? In 1993, the authors discovered firstly the late Paleozoic radiolarian silicalite in the "Shuangqiaoshan Group", which, as we know, is a block within the ophiolitic mélange. In 1996, the authors discovered again the late Paleozoic fossils in the other rocks of "Shuangqiaoshan Group" and "Zhitang Formation" of Lower Sinian Series in the ophiolitic mélange. At the same time, the authors discovered firstly the early Paleozoic chitinozoa fossils.

因此，再次将&板溪群&是否是前震旦纪的一个变质地层单位、江南古陆是否存在以及华南大地构造格局是否需要重新厘定等问题提了出来。1993年笔者于赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带内的&双桥山群&岩块中，首次发现了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩。1996年又在该混杂岩带多处的&双桥山群&岩块和&下震旦统志棠组&中找到了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩，还首次在&登山群拔竹坑组&中发现了早古生代的几丁虫化石。

Based on the regional tectonic evolution, combined with the high precision isotopic ages from this paper and other geologists, we have some new acquaintances as follows: 1 There has no Caledonian granite belt distributed in north margin of North China Craton. So, the traditional evolving model of North China Carton, which formed on this idea and the acquaintance about the collision of North China plate and Siberian plate, must be incorrect; 2 The age date show that the earliest magmatic activity began since late-Palaeozoic Permian, which is inconsistent with the previous idea that there were Caledonian and Hercynian active continental margin in the north of North China Craton and in the south Xingkai Massif. 3 the crust and lithosphere were thickened by the subduction and collision of Siberia plate and North China plate during Late Paleozoic. The magma is formed when the crust is heated and melts caused by thickened lithosphere delamination and caused the Asthenosphere upwelling. But only a little basaltic magma erupted, most magma underplate under the bottom of the crust. Thermal energy derived from basaltic magma underplating made the middle and lower crust melt partially and the late Permian-early Triassic granites is formed in large scale.

根据区域构造演化分析，并结合本文及他人高精度同位素年龄，我们对延边花岗岩形成的大地构造环境有了新的认识：1在华北地台北缘并不存在所谓的加里东花岗岩带，因此，建立在此之上的传统的华北地台北缘演化模式及有关西伯利亚板块与华北板块的碰撞拼合的认识也必然是不正确的；2华北地台北缘和兴凯地块南缘不存在加里东期和海西期花岗岩带，表明两地块边缘最早的花岗质岩浆活动始于晚古生代的二叠纪，即不存在传统观点所认为的加里东期或海西期活动陆缘；3晚古生代由于西伯利亚板块与华北板块的俯冲碰撞，致使地壳和岩石圈增厚，导致加厚岩石圈发生拆沉作用，使得软流圈上涌，加热地壳使之熔融形成岩浆，但玄武质岩浆少量喷出地表，大部分底侵于地壳底部，形成下地壳高密度的玄武质底侵层，玄武质岩浆底侵的热能引起中下地壳广泛部分熔融，形成大面积分布的晚二叠世—早三叠世花岗岩。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。