古地理的

The ancient zoology,ancient climate,ancient geography study of foraminifer fauna in the fourth age in China.

1983，3(1)［林景星。中国第四纪有孔虫动物群的古生态、古气候、古地理研究［J］。

1:250000 geological mapping has further revealed the mysteries of the tectonics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Altun Mountains are not of the Tarim massif, but a part of the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling orogenic system; the Altun fault is a large transform fault; the Muztag-Maqên suture zone and Jinshajiang suture zone are both Variscan ones; the Songpan-Garzê area in the Triassic was a huge turbidite basin on the southern margin of Laurasia; the Gangdise belt underwent the important Indosinian orogenic movement; an ocean basin that persisted from the Paleozoic to Triassic did not exist, i.e. the so-called Paleo-Tethys or permanent Tethys was not in existence in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the Paleozoic, most parts of China, including the Sino-Korean, Yangtze and Tarim massifs and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, were located in south of the main ocean basin—the Central Asian-Mongolian sea way—of the Paleo-Asia ocean, belonging to the northern margin of Gondwana. The Yarlung Zangbo and Bangong -Nujiang belts were twins in the Tethyan Ocean, which began to develop into two ocean rift belts in the Triassic. The Tethyan Ocean with the Yarlung Zangbo belt as the main ocean basin belt began to be subducted in the Late Triassic and experienced a process of pulsatory plate convergence orogeny including the Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan stages.

1：25万地质填图进一步揭开了青藏高原地区大地构造的奥秘：阿尔金山是昆仑，祁连-秦岭造山系的一部分；阿尔金断裂确是一条大型转换断层；木孜塔格-玛沁缝合带和金沙江缝合带均是华力西缝合带；松潘甘孜三叠系沉积盆地是劳亚大陆南部边缘的浊积岩盆地；冈底斯带曾经历了重要的印支造山运动；不存在从古生代延续到三叠纪的大洋盆地，即不存在所谓古特提斯或永久特提斯；古生代时期，在青藏高原地区亦不存在具古生物，古地理分隔意义的大洋盆地，当时，包括中朝，扬子，塔里木以及青藏高原地区在内的中国大部分均位于古亚洲洋主洋盆——中亚-蒙古带之南，属冈瓦纳大陆结构复杂的北部边缘；雅鲁藏布江和班公湖-怒江带是特提斯洋中的孪生姊妹，它们均是从三叠纪起就发展成大洋裂谷带的；以雅鲁藏布江带为主洋盆带的特提斯洋，从三叠纪晚期开始消减，经历了印支，燕山，喜马拉雅3个阶段脉动式板块汇聚造山过程。

This is the first time to sum up the distribution, paleoecological characters, paleogeographic environment, paleoclimatology and geologic settings of Mesozoic basin which bear dinosaur eggs,dinosaur skeletons and other fossils in Henan Province.

首次对全省恐龙蛋化石、恐龙骨骼化石及其它类型的恐龙化石在中生代盆地的分布、古生态特征、古地理环境、古气候、地质背景等科研成果进行了全面清理和总结。

During early middle Jurassic period, Quemocuo formation in NQB was offshore lake deposition with marine feature, in SQB was shelf deposition, which indicted that an intense rifting and sea level rising with more large range, and consequently, eroding area was shrunk and deposition area was expanded.4. According to the result of stratigraphic surface features, division and correlation, and the paleographic characteristic, Qiangtang Basin during late Triassic -early middle Jurassic period could be divided into two basin developing stages with difficult tectonic nature, remnent epicontinental basin stage in Carian -early Norian of late Triassic and rifting basin stage in middle Norian of late Triassic - early middle Jurassic period respectively.

雀莫错组在羌北盆地为近海湖泊沉积，更具海相色彩：南羌塘主要为外陆棚沉积，反映羌塘盆地再次发生较强烈的裂陷作用和较大幅度的海平面上升，形成陆源剥蚀区缩小，沉积覆盖面增大的古地理面貌。4、根据地层界面特征、地层划分与对比结果和岩相古地理演化特征可将晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期羌塘盆地划分为两个不同构造性质的盆地发展时期，分别为晚三叠世卡尼期—若利早期的残留内陆表海沉积盆地发展与消亡时期和晚三叠世若利期中晚期—中侏罗世早期的裂陷盆地的形成与发展时期。

According to the characters of the palynofloras, the Early Cretaceous palaeoecologic, palaeoclimatic, sedimentary environment as well as palaeogeographic significance have been discussed.

根据孢粉植物群的特征，探讨了该区早白垩世古生态、古气候、沉积环境及古地理意义。

According to the characters of the palynoflora, the Late Triassic palaeoecological, palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic characters as well as the sedimentary environments in the region were discussed.

根据孢粉植物群的特征探讨了该区晚三叠世古生态、古气候、古地理和沉积环境。

Palaeogeography is a science which studies natural geographical features in the geological history and humankind history. It is of important theoretical and practical significance, and closely related with past and present geographical environments in which humankind lives.

古地理是研究地质历史时期和人类历史时期的自然地理特征的科学，有重要的地学理论意义和生产实践意义，还与人类赖以生存的古今地理坏境密切相关。

The forming of non- Smithian strata are expounded at theory level.

以殷鸿福等（1998）归纳总结的非威尔逊旋回理论为指导，从理论上阐述了非史密斯地层形成过程：造山带区古大洋相当复杂，尤其是中国古特提斯域古大洋，多为多岛洋，多岛洋是一个宽阔的但不干净的洋，它在其各个演化阶段，始终充满着由裂解地块、裂谷、海道、微板块与次级小洋盆、火山岛弧、海山与边缘海等不同裂离与聚合程度的、海陆相间的多岛洋盆；多岛洋盆在其整个洋陆转化进程中，往往所经历的是多期开合与多期次软碰撞，故由非威尔逊旋回转化而来的造山带混杂岩带地层一般都经历过多期强烈的构造混杂，使造山带演化不同期次、同期次不同阶段、不同大地构造相、不同沉积古地理单元、不同构造层次地层体在极短程内相互拼贴、无序叠置。

REE plays an important role in rec ognizing the boundaries of sequence and system tracts and reconstructing sedime nt lithofacies paleogeographic conditions, including ancient water depth,ancie nt salty, pH value and Eh value of water body,oxidation and reduction conditi on and eustacy of lake level.

稀土元素对识别层序、体系域边界及恢复层序框架内的沉积岩相古地理(古盐度、古水深、水体的pH及Eh值、氧化还原条件、湖平面升降变化)都具有重要意义。

Synthesized researches on biotic evolution, alternation and accurate chronological dating, taphonomy of vertebrate or invertebrate fossils and elemental or isotopic geochemistry of bones of fossils and sediments, i.e., HBCNOS and COSr, could help us to well understand the biotic and environmental response to the geological events on the Earth surface system and reconstructed the palaeogeography, palaeoecologic environment and palaeoecosystem of the Late Mesozoic, North China.

陆地生物群分布、演化、更替与精确定年，脊椎无脊椎生物埋葬特征，生物演化速率、消长关系和生物群更替的形式和性质，以及脊椎动物骨骼、牙齿的常量、微量元素、H-B-C-N-O-S 和C-O-Sr等地球化学特征的研究可以恢复和重建古地理、古生态环境和古生态系统。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。