古地理的

In the third section, there are six types of the method of geographical textual research, logic, reason, comparison, elimination, comprehensiveness and the method of giving evidence for ancientness in modern times.

第三部分总结张守节的地理考证方法，将其分为逻辑推理法、事理推证法、比较法、以今证古法、排除法和综合考证法等六种方法。

Mo isotopic signatures in sediments can be used as an indicator for redox conditions of paleo-environment and corresponding paleo-oceanography. Therefore, molybdenum isotopes can be used as a powerful tool for understanding the redox conditions of local or regional depositional environment, the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur or carbon, and the geochemical evolution of ancient oceans.

沉积物中的Mo同位素既能指示古沉积环境的氧化还原条件，也能够指示与之相关的古海洋地理环境，因此，Mo同位素是了解局域至区域沉积环境的氧化还原条件、硫和碳地球化学循环及古海洋化学演化等的强有力工具。

The strong evidence of outwash existed in the Mang'ai depression is of great importance to the research on the evolution and paleoclimate, paleogeography of Qingzang plateau of Quaternary glacial epoch of China.

柴西茫崖坳陷第四纪冰水沉积证据充分，对于研究我国第四纪冰期及青藏高原的形成演化、古气候、占地理具有重要意义。

For GuChangAn xianyang ancient crossing to northwest, southwest of guttural thoroughfare in the geographical position is very important.

咸阳古渡为古长安通往西北西南的咽喉要道，处于十分重要的地理位置。

Art had been an important part of the ancient Egyptian civilization and the ancient Egyptian art produced out of the Nile environment were uniquely characterized, with the styles of symmetry, equilibrium, heavenliness, practicability, perfectness, realisticness and symbolization closely tied to the geographical and human environment of the river.

艺术是古埃及文明的重要组成部分，闪烁着人类文明的光芒。在尼罗河环境下孕育出的古埃及艺术，展现了独特的风格。古埃及艺术所体现出来的对称性、平衡性、神圣性、实用性、完美性、写实性、象征性等风格，都与尼罗河的自然地理环境和人文环境息息相关。

Marine Micropaleontology is an international journal publishing results of research in all fields of marine micropaleontology of the ocean basins and continents, including paleoceanography, evolution, ecology and paleoecology, biology and paleobiology, biochronology, paleoclimatology, taphonomy, and the systematic relationships of higher taxa.

这是《海洋微体古生物学》国际性期刊的网站，该期刊内容是有关海洋盆地和大陆的微体古生物学研究成果。包括古海洋地理，进化，生态，微体古生物学，海洋古生物学，生物学，古生物学，生物年代学，古气候学，生物埋葬学，系统发生关系。

We organized and identified the specimens which collected in the insects specimens laboratory of life science and technology department of Xinjiang university, from almost everywhere of Xinjiang with combination of the conventional methods and the electroscopic scanning technique.

本文采用常规鉴定方法与雄性外生殖器解剖相结合，辅以扫描电镜观察，对收藏于新疆大学生命科学与技术学院昆虫室20年来积累的标本及三年在校期间系统地采集于全疆各地的拟步甲类标本进行了整理与鉴定，结合野外考察及重要类群的生物学研究，研究其区系成份，并对其区系特征及地理分布状况进行了系统的分析，主要研究成果如下：1）初步查明新疆拟步甲科昆虫共计266种，分隶于23族72属，其中35种为中国新记录种，3种为拟步甲类新种，作新种记述，并附图片；在研究过程中初步探讨了拟步甲的中文命名问题； 2）新疆拟步甲种类繁多，其区系成分分析显示，除12种为广布种以外，共有6种区系成分，其中中亚细亚种为最多，有87种，占已种的32.7﹪；其次依次为中央亚细亚种和特有种，分别为81种和65种，各占已知种类的30.5﹪和24.4﹪；泛古北种12种，占4.5﹪；欧洲西伯利亚种7种，占2.6﹪；欧洲中亚种最少，仅有2种，占0.75﹪，并根据新疆拟步甲科昆虫区系成分分析了其起源问题； 3）新疆拟步甲科昆虫的地理分布表明，分布于准噶尔盆地的种类最为丰富，计161种，占新疆已知种的60.5﹪；其次是塔里木盆地92种，占已知种的34.6﹪；东疆诸盆地63种，占23.7﹪；伊犁谷地56种，占21.1﹪；在三大山系中，天山山系的拟步甲种类最多，为54种，占20.3﹪；阿尔泰山山系28种，占10.5﹪；昆仑山山系13种，占4.9﹪。

Based on the distribution of the genera in the world,the eight distribution types of the genera were divided.In addition,the distribution characters of the Perlidae in China were also probed preliminarily.So far two subfamilies,four tribe and twenty genera have been found in China.Ten of them,of which three genera are endemic to China,are the Oriental genera;one Palaearctic genus;three Oriental-Palaearctic genera;one Oriental-Nearctic genus;four Oriental-Palaearctic-Nearctic genera and one Oriental-Palaearctic-Nearctic-Afrotropical genus.

文中还就中国郋科昆虫的地理分布及特点作了初步的探讨，结果表明：在我国已知的2亚科4族20个属中，东洋区分布的有10个属，其中有3个属仅分布于我国；古北区分布的有1个属；东洋-古北区分布的有3个属；东洋-新北区分布的有1个属；东洋-古北-新北区分布的有4个属；东洋-古北-新北-非洲区分布的有1个属。

Refer to the research findings of CHengDu Research Institute of Geosciences and Minerals(1990) and Nanjing Research Institute of Geography and Lake of Chinese Academy of Sciences(1989), according to the Guidebook of China Stratum(2000), the chronostratigraphy of Kunming Basin is divided into 4 age: the bottom of the Quaternary corresponding to M/G Boundary, age is 2.6Ma;the Bottom of the Mid-Pleistocene corresponding to B/M Boundary, age is 0.78Ma;the Bottom of the Upper-Pleistocene corresponding to the Blake event, age is 0.128Ma;the Bottom of the Holocene corresponding to the Gothenburg event,age is 0.012Ma.

本次研究获得了大量的测年数据，参考成都地质矿产研究所(1990)及中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所(1989)等的研究成果，按照中国地层指南(2000)的方案，厘定了昆明盆地第四纪年代地层划分：第四系底界对应古地磁松山反向期与高斯正向期界线处，年龄为2.6Ma；更新统中部底界对应古地磁布容正向期与松山反向期界线，年龄为0.78Ma；更新统上部底界对应古地磁布莱克事件附近，年龄约0.128Ma：全新统底界对应古地磁哥德堡事件附近，年龄约0.012ma。

The reason included five aspects:①the effect of physical environment: the open geographical environment and barren soil urge the Greeks to look for development outward while the close geographical environment and advantaged condition for agriculture shaped the Chinese conservative thought and obstructed their steps of going out.②the advancing and blocking of the economic: the frequent trade offered an abundant living supply and open view while the self-sufficient agriculture with restraining trade rigidified the thought.③ the difference in politic institute and situation: the democracy polis of ancient Greece is exclusive in the ancient world. It shaped the atmosphere of freedom, democracy and adversary. While the monarchy in ancient China pursued the "united country" and shaped the atmosphere serving for politic and consolidating thoughts.④the guiding of traditional culture: the Greeks pursued freedom and wisdom and were curious about nature while the Chinese adored ancestor and obeyed the authority and prefer to pragmatism.

出现这种关系的原因本文从以下五点进行分析：①自然环境的影响：古希腊开放的地理环境和贫瘠的土壤种植条件促使古希腊人向外寻求发展，而古代中国封闭的地理环境和优越的农业环境阻碍了中华民族外出的脚步和开放的思维；②经济条件的推动与束缚：工商业发展的农业经济和自给自足的小农经济所创造的物质条件和对思维影响的差别是很大的；③政治制度和政治形势的差异：古希腊民主城邦制在古代世界是独树一帜的，它所营造的自由、民主的氛围和古代中国追求&大一统&的君主专制下为政治服务、思想趋向统一的氛围截然不同；④传统文化的引导：古希腊人在长期的城邦生活和参与海外贸易的生活中形成的开放、自由、对自然充满好奇、追求智慧等民族文化传统与中国保守崇古、讲究实用的文化传统形成了鲜明的对比；⑤思想家本身目的不同：古希腊思想家为了变得智慧而获取知识，享受知识带来的乐趣，而古代中国思想家的一切动机都是为了&成化天下&、&以政裕民&服务。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。