古代的

With their ingenious opera creation and prominent theoretical exploration, they enriched Chinese ancient opera creation and its theory, made ineffaceable contribution to the development of Chinese ancient opera, held a lofty position in the history of Chinese opera and possessed extremely important research value.

越中曲家以独具特色的戏曲创作和卓尔不凡的理论探索，丰富了中国古代戏曲创作和理论的宝库，为古代戏曲的发展作出了不可磨灭的贡献，在中国戏曲史上占据崇高的地位，具有极其重要的研究价值。

In general, this issue belongs to the category of environmental history. While when it comes to some specific issues, trace element in soil is the cut-in point to study the changes of Chinese ancient society. At the present time, such research method hasn\'t been applied in history studies domestic and abroad so far. Therefore, the studies of the paper are only exploratory and immature researches.Three issues are concerned here:lTrace element in soil under geographical environment and the Hun and the Hsienpei\'s levirate.

本文主要探讨地理环境下的土壤微量元素与中国古代社会变迁的关系问题；在总体上，这一专题是属于环境史的范畴；但在具体问题上，则是以地理环境下的土壤微量元素问题做为切入点，来研究中国古代社会变迁问题的；就目前的情况看，这种研究方法在国内外历史学的研究中尚无先例；所以，本文的相关研究只能是带有一些探索性的、不成熟的研究。

It had been abolished in the end of Qing Dynasty with the influence of the western legal conception . Though the development of inquisition by torture , we can find three complications that make it overrun in the archaic law : Our traditional legal concept , the law principle of "guilty presumption" and the distemperedness of supervise system .

通过对刑讯制度三千年来发展轨迹的研究，我们认为导致古代司法活动中刑讯泛滥的主要原因有以下三个方面：一是传统司法理念忽视诉讼当事人的合法权利；二是古代司法活动遵循的是&有罪推定&的原则和&罪从供定&的证据规则；三是司法权力过于集中、司法监督力度的薄弱。

The metal elements of the volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit have two sources, the copper and zinc are derived from rhyolitic magmas whereas the lead are probably related to old sediments overlying the rhyolites.(4) It is suggested here that the volcanic rocks hosting massive sulfide deposit in the north Qilian orogen, which are previously considered as a bimodal suite of Neo-proterozoic to middle Cambrian age in a continental rift, are virtually related to subduction magmatism in Ordovician age, and there might have no continental rift magmatism of Neo-proterozoic to middle Cambrian in the north Qilian.

Th/Ta比高(5.0～11.7)，εNd为较大的负值(-2.6～-8.4)，流纹岩的形成可能是两个端元组分混合的过程、或是上地壳混染的结果，形成在活动陆缘环境；(3)北祁连块状硫化物矿床成矿金属物质具有两种来源，Cu、Zn等来源于流纹岩，而Pb的来源可能与古老沉积物有关；(4)本文认为，前人厘定的北祁连新元古代-中寒武纪赋存块状硫化物矿床的大陆裂谷双峰式火山岩应是与俯冲作用有关的奥陶纪火山岩，说明北祁连可能不存在新元古代-中寒武纪的大陆裂谷活动。

The thesis may be divided into two sections:Firstly, author locked on Ancient Mongolian, the great aggregation of grassland culture, as the research object, generalize and hackle transversally the culture of materials, spirits, systems level in order to excavate and settle the positive and rational elements of The Ecological Culture, preserve and develop the excellent culture of Mongolian.

首先，本文以北方草原文化的集大成者的古代蒙古族作为研究对象，分别从物质文化、精神文化及制度文化等层面中，进行横向的归纳和梳理，挖掘其中蕴涵的积极合理的生态因素，致力于民族生态学的研究，以期对古代蒙古族优秀的传统文化加以保存和发展。

The Chinese culture,especially Confucianism was spread in the West in the last several centuries and gave much influence to some scholars and their works. Ezra Pound,a modern American poet and scholar, translated and used in his great work Cantos the Chinese classical poetry and the Confucian works, which is mainly introduced in this paper.

本文梳理了近几个世纪以来中国文化，特别是孔子的儒学思想在西方的传播和影响之后，主要介绍了美国现代派诗人兼学者庞德对中国古代诗歌和儒学著作的翻译及其在他宏篇巨著《诗章》中的运用，看出庞德一方面把中国古代文化看成是他思想和艺术追求的组成部分，另一方面，他又把孔子的儒学看作拯救西方的一剂良药。

Has been self-evident after a few centuries ago, cane shield array is a very rich history of the connotation of non-material cultural heritage, on behalf of the Chinese nation is not only a long brilliant history and culture, but also contains in the brute force of the nation, all-conquering national integrity and spirit and, more importantly, its human and social study of ancient, ancient military tactics, such as Art of War, is of great practical significance and highlight the social value.

自明至今已历经数百年的历史，藤牌阵是一种历史内涵十分丰富的非物质文化遗产，它不仅代表华夏民族悠久灿烂的历史文化，同时也蕴涵着中化民族不畏强暴、无坚不摧的民族气节和精神，更重要的是它对研究古代人文社会、古代军事、兵法战术等，具有十分重要的现实意义和突出的社会价值。

This article standing on the perspective of ancient corsages, at the principle of historical and logical consistency, firstly, this thesis inquires into the origin of corsage and its reflection of spiritual intension of aesthetic culture, and then analytically demonstrates the three main culture sources resulted from the Chinese and western ancient corsage differences.

本文从古代胸衣的视角点出发，在历史和逻辑一致的原则上，首先通过探讨胸衣的源起及其所反映的审美文化的精神内涵，并对导致中西古代胸衣差异的三大文化根源进行分析论证，挖掘和显现中西方审美文化各自的思想根源、形式特征、情感表达等特点。

In order to grope for the essence and rules of secretarial work and to summarize the experience of far-back secretarial work so that we can live it up to today's utility, so I wrote this essay. I hoped we can inherit some excellent archaic secretarial working ideas and put them into our practice, and in the meantime today's secretarial work will be filled new blood.

本文通过对我国秘书工作的产生、发展和演化过程的总结和概述，探索秘书工作的实质和发展规律，不断总结我国古代秘书工作经验，希望更好的做到&古为今用&，更好的继承和发展古代优秀的秘书工作思想，更好的指导现实的秘书工作实践，进而使秘书工作内容不断获得丰富和发展。

In order to grope for the essence and rules of secretarial work and to summarize the experience of far-back secretarial work so that we can live it up to today's utility, so I wrote this essay. I hoped we can inherit some excellent archaic secretarial working ideas and put them into our practice, and in the meantime today's secretarial work will be filled new blood.

本文通过对本人国秘书工作的产生、发展和演化过程的总结和概述，探索秘书工作的实质和发展规律，不断总结本人国古代秘书工作经验，希望更好的做到&古为今用&，更好的继承和发展古代优秀的秘书工作思想，更好的指导现实的秘书工作实践，进而使秘书工作内容不断获得丰富和发展。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。