古代的

Secondly, the Raman spectra of five familiar jades including nephrite, Xiuyan Jade, Dushan Jade (mainly composed of anorthite and Zoisite), turquoise and lapis lazuli were summarized respectively.

然后分别通过对浙江良渚遗址和河南安阳殷墟遗址出土的4件中国古代玉器与新疆和田地区出产的软玉样品进行对比研究，成功地利用激光拉曼光谱技术对一批中国古代玉器进行了无损鉴定，从而阐明该项技术在中国古代玉器结构测试和材质鉴定中是一种很好的无损分析研究方法。

This article also points out that"existence of squares","Out-In Complementary Principle","the principle of limit","Liu-Zu cross -section princeple","the area formula for rectangle and the volume formula for cuboid" determine the nature and lay the foundation of geometry in ancient China.

提出了我国古代论证几何所依据的原始命题，指出"存在正方形"连同"出入相补原理"、"极限原理"、"刘－祖截面原理"以及长方形面积公式和长方体体积公式确定了我国古代几何的性质，奠定了我国古代几何的基础。

Part two is mainly about instruction of ancient educatees and their interfluve under privilege system so that to lead discussion on questions of privilege and "avoiding privilege" of ancient enactment of qualification to education which focuses especially on normal educatees' restriction when going to school and "privilege elimination" of some privileged educatees such as students of the Imperial College.

第二章主要在于对特权体制下的古代受教育者及其分野加以介绍分析，以引导出第三章关于古代受教育资格设定中的特权化与去特权化问题的探讨，并使之特别聚焦于中国古代普通受教育者的求学入仕资格限制以及国子监监生等特权受教育者的入学资格的去特权化。

It's important from the angle of essay types' interpenetration to study the relationship of classical essay and classical novel. That will help constructing the classical novel theory with traditional characteristics.

从文体互渗的角度探讨古代文章与古代小说的相互关系，是研究古代小说的一个重要视角，有助于构建具有中国传统特色的小说学和小说史理论。

So this paper tries to expound the history of the Chinese ancient theatrical costume on the basis of analyzing its materials in the round. And systematically analyzes its characteristics by the methods of semeiology and aesthetics.

因此，本文试图在全面整理中国古代戏剧服饰资料的基础上勾勒出中国古代戏剧服饰的演变历史，并利用符号学、美学等学科方法系统探讨中国古代戏剧服饰的美学特征等问题。

The paper makes the change of politics, economy and culture of Qin history as the center to expound and prove forming reasons of ancient city culture, regales SHI JING as material to expound spirit journey and era characteristics of ancient city culture.

中国古代文化的形成和发展是有着具体的历史环境和原因的，古代城市文化是伴随着中国古代历史文化的发展而来。

Brief descriptions are given of an excavated crucible furnace for iron smelting, of the possible ways of converting white cast iron into malleable metal, and of ancient methods of making swords.

近年来对出土的古代铁器进行了一些金相检验和分析，对中国古代史籍有关冶铁技术的文献也作了系统的整理和研究。这样，关于中国古代冶铁技术达到的水平，人们已经得到一个大致的了解；对于它的发展途径，也可以作出一些推断。

The project used the ancient Chinese architectural elements, a large number of ancient Chinese architectural forms in use, and with a combination of modern architectural style, the shape of gold bullions, the traditional red columns, as well as the ancient palace lantern as a prominent feature of the building so that the whole construction from the current market kinds of architectural styles, so that the whole project full of noble classical style and modern luxury yet.

本项目采用中国古代建筑元素，大量沿用中国古代建筑形式，并且与现代建筑风格相结合，采用金元宝造型，传统红漆柱，以及古代宫灯作为突出的建筑特点，使整个建筑区别于目前市场各种建筑风格，让整个项目富有古典尊贵的气息而又不失现代的奢华。

The reason included five aspects:①the effect of physical environment: the open geographical environment and barren soil urge the Greeks to look for development outward while the close geographical environment and advantaged condition for agriculture shaped the Chinese conservative thought and obstructed their steps of going out.②the advancing and blocking of the economic: the frequent trade offered an abundant living supply and open view while the self-sufficient agriculture with restraining trade rigidified the thought.③ the difference in politic institute and situation: the democracy polis of ancient Greece is exclusive in the ancient world. It shaped the atmosphere of freedom, democracy and adversary. While the monarchy in ancient China pursued the "united country" and shaped the atmosphere serving for politic and consolidating thoughts.④the guiding of traditional culture: the Greeks pursued freedom and wisdom and were curious about nature while the Chinese adored ancestor and obeyed the authority and prefer to pragmatism.

出现这种关系的原因本文从以下五点进行分析：①自然环境的影响：古希腊开放的地理环境和贫瘠的土壤种植条件促使古希腊人向外寻求发展，而古代中国封闭的地理环境和优越的农业环境阻碍了中华民族外出的脚步和开放的思维；②经济条件的推动与束缚：工商业发展的农业经济和自给自足的小农经济所创造的物质条件和对思维影响的差别是很大的；③政治制度和政治形势的差异：古希腊民主城邦制在古代世界是独树一帜的，它所营造的自由、民主的氛围和古代中国追求&大一统&的君主专制下为政治服务、思想趋向统一的氛围截然不同；④传统文化的引导：古希腊人在长期的城邦生活和参与海外贸易的生活中形成的开放、自由、对自然充满好奇、追求智慧等民族文化传统与中国保守崇古、讲究实用的文化传统形成了鲜明的对比；⑤思想家本身目的不同：古希腊思想家为了变得智慧而获取知识，享受知识带来的乐趣，而古代中国思想家的一切动机都是为了&成化天下&、&以政裕民&服务。

A Magus (plural Magi, from Latin, from Old Persian magu; Old English: Mage) was a Zoroastrian astrologer-priest from ancient Persia.

魔法师或占星家（复数形式是Magi，也是圣经中的&东方三博士&，从拉丁，从古代斯语的玛茹；古代英语：魔法师）是来自古代波斯琐罗亚斯德教的一种占星家——祭司。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷