古代存在的

The existence of Greek city-state system decided the emergence and development of ancient Olympics.

希腊城邦制度的存在决定了古代奥林匹克的产生与发展。

This article also points out that"existence of squares","Out-In Complementary Principle","the principle of limit","Liu-Zu cross -section princeple","the area formula for rectangle and the volume formula for cuboid" determine the nature and lay the foundation of geometry in ancient China.

提出了我国古代论证几何所依据的原始命题，指出"存在正方形"连同"出入相补原理"、"极限原理"、"刘－祖截面原理"以及长方形面积公式和长方体体积公式确定了我国古代几何的性质，奠定了我国古代几何的基础。

N a sexual attraction to or sexual relations with persons of the same sex homosexualism , homoeroticism , queerness , gayness

之间存在的重大差别，常有误以为中国古代已有"男同性恋"，甚或歌颂"男同性恋"。

As observed in the Pleistocene, thick intervals of negative δ13C values occur in the Neoproterozoic but are considered to record profound perturbations to the global marine carbon cycle unique to the Neoproterozoic rather than being considered in terms of normal mixed meteoric/marine lithification or decarboxylation.

更新世的观察表明，新元古代存在着一个较长时期的δ13C负值，这些负值记录了全球海洋碳同位素的波动循环是新元古代独有的，而并非通常意义下的大气海洋水混合产生的岩化作用和脱羧基作用。

It may be thought that the difference which I have asserted to exist between the ancient and modern view of penal law has only a verbal existence.

也许有人以为，我所说的古代和现代关于刑法观念上所存在的不同，只是在口头上存在。

The above new data give the information of the possible existence of Proterozoic basement in this district, and Yanshanian magmatism is of great significance for mineralization in the district.

以上这些新资料说明该区可能存在元古代基底的信息，且燕山期岩浆活动对本区成矿具有重要意义。

The minichromosome maintenance proteins are extensive existenced and conserved throughout archae to eukaryotic cells.

微小染色体维持蛋白（minichromosome maintenance proteins，MCMs）是一类从太古代生物到高等真核生物广泛存在的高度保守的蛋白。

N a sexual attraction to or sexual relations with persons of the same sex homosexualism , homoeroticism , queerness , gayness

之间存在的重大差别，常有误以为中国古代已有&男同性恋&，甚或歌颂&男同性恋&。

He explained relevant clauses in Canon of Moism by referring to the theory of Western logic and Indian classical logic so that he could rather sufficiently revealed the logical meaning of many basic concept and propositions in Canon of Moism. Moreover his method had a great effect on the contemporary and following researchers of Chinese logical history.The fourth part is concluding remarks.

其次，正确运用逻辑方法深入地挖掘中国古代的逻辑思想，正确认识中国逻辑的特点，确立中正确认识中国逻辑的特点，确立中国古代逻辑在世界逻辑史上的地位，并通过中外逻辑思想的对比分析，找出我国逻辑科学发展中存在的问题及其原因，以推动我国逻辑科学的更大发展。

The former would not investigate what aesthetic fashions and activities there were but analyze what Confucius and Zhuangzi once said, that is, to discover the selfconscious levels of aesthetic ideas in the time in question through the study of ancient books, in other words, to validate the logical levels of aesthetic ideals in the society in question displayed in the theories by ancient philosophers. The later would not pay much attention to the sayings and writings by them but emphatically analyze the shapes and lines of potteries and the styles of calligraphy and brush drawings and the lines and manufacture of bronze utensils, that is, to realistically reveal the types of material configurations in which the aesthetic activities in a time embodied, in other words, to demonstrate in a descriptive way the artistic effects that the aesthetic experiences in a time could make.

前者不去考察先秦时代究竟存在着哪些审美风尚和审美活动，而旨在分析孔子说过什么，庄子说过什么，即要从古代文献的字里行间中发现那个时代的审美观念究竟达到了何种自觉的程度，即要从古代哲人的理论表述中确认那个社会的审美理想究竟达到了什么样的逻辑水准；后者则不太关心思想家、哲学家的言论和著作，而着重分析陶器的形状、书画的风格、青铜器的线条与制作，即要从实证的角度发现一个时代的审美活动究竟体现为何种类型的物质形态，即要以描述的方式来证实一个社会的审美经验究竟凝结为什么样式的艺术成果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。