古代

Anciently intercourse in architectural technology was concerned with Buddhism intercourse between china and Vietnam.

古代中越两国在建筑技术方面交流密切，古代中越建筑技术交流的特点有：中国建筑技术传入越南，深刻地影响了越南的建筑风格；中国移民直接参与了越南的建筑工程，把先进的建筑技术带到了越南；古代中越建筑技术交流与中越佛教交流紧密联系在一起；阮安参与明初北京城的设计，反映了越南具有高超的建筑技术，是古代越南人民对中国建筑业的贡献。

This article outlines the progress of ancient Chinese lenses from the Pre-Qin Period to the Five Dynasties, and discusses mainly two arguments: First, the"yangsui" recorded and narrated in Lun Heng by Wang Chong of Eastern Han Dynasty may be a plano-convex glass lens; secondly, the"four mirrors" recorded and narrated in Tanzi Hua Shu by Tan Qiao of Southern Tang Dynasty may be a plano-convex lens, a biconvex lens, a transparent planeparallel plate and a concave-convex lens respectively, but what kind of tra...

本文概述了中国古代透镜从先秦到五代的发展进程，着重从古代文献和出土文物的研究出发，结合中国古代社会经济发展水平，论证了东汉王充《论衡》中记述的阳燧可能是玻璃平凸透镜；论证了南唐谭峭的《谭子化书》中记述的"四镜"可能是平凸透镜、双凸透镜、平光镜和凹凸透镜。作者认为《谭子化书》"四镜"段可能实际上是对中国古代透镜发展的阶段性总结。

The paper first gives a brief account of the evolution of ancient weiqi, and then expounds its cultural value from the perspective of its positive influence on people's life, comprehensive qualities, self-esteem of the whole nation, and culture exchanges and spread, aiming to enrich cultural connation of this sport.

在概述了古代围棋运动发展演变的基础上，从有利于提高古代人民的生活质量、古代人民的综合素养、有利于增强中华民族的民族自尊心和自豪感以及促进各国的文化交流与传播等4个方面对古代围棋运动的文化价值进行了探讨，以期不断丰富和发展围棋运动的文化内涵。

Following the tracking of the devolvement and evolution of Chinese ancient brocade ,this paper discussed the technical and artistic characteristics of Chinese ancient brocade from scientific and artistic viewpoints in combination with emergence and development of three famous brocade s of Chinese ancient brocade s,i.

以中国古代织锦的发展变革为线索，结合中国古代三大名锦——蜀锦、宋锦、云锦的产生、发展及其品种的主要特点，通过科学与艺术相结合的方法对中国古代织锦的主要技术特征和艺术特征进行梳理，并对表现在古代织锦上的深层次的技术美特征——材质和加工技术，和表面的艺术美特征——纹样和色彩进行分析。

The main purpose of this diesis is as to observe the historical evolving process of social control in ancient Chinese society from the angle of legal sociology as, based on it, to reveal the various social control ways in ancient china, especially the function and relationship among three mam means-law, morality and religion It also provides some basic clues for people to understand and observe social control condition in ancient China bv the induction of the historical facts and the description of the fundamental situation of social control system, as well as by the summery and conclusion of the features, essence and developing regularity of social control in ancient China.

本文的主旨就在于从法社会学的角度，对中国古代社会控制的历史演进过程进行考察，在此基础上，揭示中国古代社会各种社会控制手段，尤其是法律、道德、宗教三种主要手段的功能和作用及其相互之间的关系，通过对历史事实进行归纳和综合，描绘中国古代社会控制体系的基本状况，总结和概括中国古代社会控制的特点、本质和发展规律，为人们了解和观察中国古代社会控制状况提供一些基本的线索。

Therefore, the purpose of this topic research is to set out from the sociological angle, carry on a creatively thorough research on the formation and development of this block in ancient times,specifically including its characteristics and the reasons for their formation, and the relationship between it and Fujian culture especially Fuzhou cultrue;and to firstly answer the question why there were so many famous people living in this block, thoroughly analyze the ultimate motivity that push its development in ancient times even its great achievement in modern times;so as to fill in the blank of this academic research,and to make people's know about this block more thoroughly and completely,and then realize that the great achievement that it had achieved in morden times was not a historical fortuity,but deeply relied on the base of historical culture.

因此，本课题研究的目的在于从社会学的角度出发，对古代三坊七巷的形成和发展进行深入的研究，具体包括它的特点、特点的形成原因，与福建文化特别是与福州文化的关系进行了首创性的研究，初步回答了古代三坊七巷名人辈出的原因，深入分析了推动古代三坊七巷不断发展直至近代取得辉煌成就的深层动力因素，从而弥补了国内此项学术研究的空白，使人们对古代三坊七巷的了解更加系统、深入，认识到它在近代的辉煌不是历史的偶然，而是有着深厚的历史文化底蕴作依托。

Therefore, the purpose of this topic research is to set out from the sociological angle, carry on a creatively thorough research on the formation and development of this block in ancient times,specifically including its characteristics and the reasons for their formation, and the relationship between it and Fujian culture especially Fuzhou cultrue;and to firstly answer the question why there were so many famous people living in this block, thoroughly analyze the ultimate motivity that push its development in ancient times even its great achievement in modern times;so as to fill in the blank of this academic research,and to make peoples know about this block more thoroughly and completely,and then realize that the great achievement that it had achieved in morden times was not a historical fortuity,but deeply relied on the base of historical culture.

因此，本课题研究的目的在于从社会学的角度出发，对古代三坊七巷的形成和发展进行深入的研究，具体包括它的特点、特点的形成原因，与福建文化特别是与福州文化的关系进行了首创性的研究，初步回答了古代三坊七巷名人辈出的原因，深入分析了推动古代三坊七巷不断发展直至近代取得辉煌成就的深层动力因素，从而弥补了国内此项学术研究的空白，使人们对古代三坊七巷的了解更加系统、深入，认识到它在近代的辉煌不是历史的偶然，而是有着深厚的历史文化底蕴作依托。

For example:metaphor and cycle factors were never mentioned before;It is the important factor to analyse Chinese accient system reasonable core;the author emphasize that harmonious interhuman also is the important factors of reasonable core.Tochinese accient system ideas culture value,the passage proclaims the inner relationship between Chinese accient system idea and Chinese nation spirit and puts forward the point that Chinese accient system idea is the philosophy base of Chinese nation spirit,especially of partriotism sprit.if grasping this point,it undoubtly has reality meaning study and perform "three represents"essencial thought and reinforce nation sprit and partriotism education.

这些见解突出表现在，对中国古代系统观民族特色的概括有新的视角，如"隐喻性"、"圜道性"特色几乎未见有人提过；对中国古代系统观合理内核的分析，也摆脱了通常围绕自然系统观提法的框架，强调"人际和谐"人文系统观也是合理内核的重要因素，恰恰在这一点上，人们常常没有给以足够重视；对中国古代系统观的文化价值，作者有意没有给以全面展开，只是突出其中的几个方面加以简要分析，创新之处在于，揭示了中国古代系统观与中华民族精神之间的内在联系，提出中国古代系统观是中华民族精神特别是爱国主义精神的哲学思想底蕴这一观点，领悟和把握这一观点，对学习贯彻"三个代表"重要思想，加强民族精神特别是爱国主义精神教育无疑更具现实意义。

Literature is an art of language. The ancient Chinese literature means the art of the ancient Chinese. There is a deep relation between the literariness of the ancient Chinese literature and "poetry" of the ancient Chinese, however, which has not been concerned enough in our studies.

文学是语言的艺术，中国古代文学就是古代汉语的艺术，中国古代文学的"文学性"与古代汉语的"诗性"之间具有深层的联系，但对于这一问题我们现在研究得还非常不够。

Several main results on the evolutions of the life and environment on early earth are summarized as follows:(1) the oxygenation of surface environment didn''t cease until a stable stage for 0.4Ga appeared after 1.6Ga;(2) compared to the isotopic compositions of kerogens and coexisted carbonates, the differences between two can effectively carrier the signals from local environments and bio-assemblages;(3) multiple isotopic relationships between kerogens and individual alkanes in Proterozoic samples were observed, which would depend on the specific biogeochemical processes;(4) repeated biogeochemical changes were observed accompanying Neoproerozoic glaciations, which suggesting that environmental rather than evolutionary forces were driving the biogeochemical changes;(5) the bio-radiations after Neoproterozoic glaciations were definitely suggested by molecular and isotopic data to be at the early Cambrian and after the middle of Doushantuo deposition with different triggers for them.

研究获得以下重要认识：（1）古元古代地表环境的氧化可能一直持续到中元古代早期(约1.6Ga)，而在此之后的4亿年里则保持相对稳定；（2）相对于传统的干酪根和碳酸盐的碳同位素组成，二者之差则能更好反映区域环境的演化特征；（3）在元古代干酪根与单体烷烃类之间存在多种碳同位素组成关系；而其与不同的生物地球化学过程有关；（4）全球海洋生物地球化学特征随新元古代多次冰期出现循环波动，这显然为环境因子的驱动；（5）在新元古代大冰期之后，分子与同位素数据显示地球生命在陡山沱中后期和早前寒武纪出现两次大辐射，然而两次生命辐射的本质却是不同的。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。