口针

Because the aphids on the lower lip and no chemoreceptor stylet, the sap of plant cells need to be inhaled by the throat to feel and distinguish the taste organs.

因为蚜虫的下唇和口针上并无化学感受器，因此需要吸入植物细胞汁液由咽部味觉器官去感受和区分。

For most piercing-sucking insects, they will secrete gell saliva and watery saliva when they feed on plants. The gell saliva will be secreted at the early stage of feeding to form salivary sheath, which is supposed to surround and protect the stylet. This saliva can help piercing-sucking insects to feed on plants directly and indirectly. Meanwhile, the watery saliva contains many components like pectnase, cellulose, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, etc. These components can help piercing-sucking insects in plant tissue penetration, food digestion, detoxification of plant secondary substances and break-down of plant defence reaction.

对多数刺吸式昆虫而言，他们取食时会分泌胶状和水状两种唾液，其中胶状唾液会在取食早期分泌形成唾液鞘来围绕并保护口针，通过直接和间接的作用来帮助取食；而水状唾液中则包含了果胶酶、纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、碱性磷酸酯酶、蔗糖酶等组分，来帮助刺吸式昆虫对植物穿刺、消化食物、解毒次生物质并破坏植物的防御反应。

Based on the matchable length of the replacement odontostyle and functional odontostyle, and also the evident gap of the replacement odontostyle and total stylet length, between the four successive stages of juveniles and its female in each population, it assured that each population was not mix with other morphologically similar Xiphinema species.

由每一群的雌虫及其4个前后龄期幼虫间的替代齿针和功能性齿针的长度相当接近，以及替代齿针和总口针的长度具有明显区隔的结果，这10群剑线虫中都无混杂其他形态类似的剑线虫种类。X。

Abdomen is rear add bag of white waxiness egg, there is line of backbone state upheaval on bursa 14 ～ 16, without the wing, antenna is black Brown, 11, every have black bristle; Mouthparts is small, rostellum 2, extreme has a lot of short-haired pelt, buccal shot is not long.

腹部后方附白色蜡质卵囊，囊上有脊状隆起线14～16条，无翅，触角黑褐色，11节，每节都有黑色刚毛；口器小，喙2节，末端有许多小毛，口针不长。

The result of double staining assay showed that the pine wood nematodes secreted some solute proteins through secretion pore, and cellulase was secreted from stylet that was the same as other plant nematodes.

双重染色分析的结果表明：松材线虫主要通过分泌孔向体外分泌大量的分泌蛋白，而纤维素酶的分泌方式与其他植物线虫相似，是通过口针向外分泌。

Asian citrus psyllids in the feeding process pd wave does not appear, from this point speculate Asian citrus psyllids lower lip and stylet have developed chemical receptors.

而在亚洲柑桔木虱整个取食过程中pd波并未出现，从此点推测亚洲柑桔木虱下唇和口针上有发达的化学感受器。

By means of microscopic observation, we found the body wall ofchemical-stressed SCN shrinked, and stylets of some stressed SCN breaked through the body obviously. Trehalose content and trehalase activity of stressed and unstressed SCN wereassayed by enzyme-labeled instrument.

利用显微镜对虫体进行观察发现，SCN受到化学胁迫后，体壁发生不同程度的缢缩现象，有的胁迫处理后虫体头部口针明显突出体外。

Due to plant-parasitic nematodes parasitizing on plant tissues,uptaking nourishment from host cell through stylet,the crystal protein is difficult to enter into nematode through stylet.

由于植物寄生线虫大多专性寄生，主要依靠其刺吸式口器—口针从植物细胞内吸取细胞内含物的方式来取食，晶体蛋白很难通过其口针直接进入体内。

The probing behaviors of the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis Gothe, on nine tea cultivars were studied by videotext Direct Current-Electrical Penetration Graph, i. e. DC-EPG. Following seven types of waveforms produced by the leafhopper stylet probing were determined: A, stylet pathway formation; S, salivation when stylets pierce into and stay in phloem; C, active ingestion before stylets reach phloem; E and F, passive ingestion in phloem; R, the insect resting with its stylet inserted into the leaf tissue and NP, not probing.

应用可视DC-EPG方法研究了假眼小绿叶蝉在9个品种茶苗上的口针刺探行为，共发现并初步确定了7种主要波型，即A波、S波、C波、E波、F波和R波、以及非刺探波NP波。A波为刺探波，S波为口针向韧皮部刺探和进入韧皮部中的分泌唾液波，C波为口针到达韧皮部之前的主动取食波，E波和F波为口针在韧皮部中吸收波，R波为取食间歇波。

Stylets of the aphids on the stems could reach the phloem with less probes and shorter time compared to those of aphids on other two parts.And no significant differences were found in feeding behaviors among aphids on three plant parts once sustained ingestion started in the phloem.

相对于其它两个部位，甘蓝蚜的口针在花茎上用较少的刺探次数和较短的时间到达韧皮部；一旦口针进入韧皮部持续吸食阶段，蚜虫在三个部位的取食行为没有太大的差异。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。