口腔学

This article analyzes the current situation of aesthetics education in orthodontics in China.

从分析我国口腔正畸学的美学教育现状入手，结合美学教育的功能，阐述了美学教育在口腔正畸学教育领域的必要性、意义以及开展口腔正畸学美学教育的方法。

The department is concerned with research within the fields of cariology, endodontics, clinical oral physiology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, dental materials science, oral cell biology, oral microbiology, oral diagnostic radiology, orthodontics, periodontology, pedodontics, and prosthetic dentistry.

该系从事下列领域的研究：龋病学，牙髓学，临床口腔生理学，口腔与上颌面外科学，牙材料科学，口腔细胞生物学，口腔微生物学，口腔诊断放射医学，正牙学，牙周病学，儿童牙科，和辅助牙科。

Faculty of Dentistry is primarily dedicated to education and research in dentistry including conservative dentistry, endodontics, dental materials science, dental public health, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral microbiology, oral pathology, cariology, oral rehabilitation, orthodontics, paediatric dentistry, periodontology, implantology.

牙科学学院创建于1980年，主要致力于牙科学的教学与研究，研究领域包括牙科保护学，牙髓学，齿骨原料科学，齿骨公共健康，口腔全颌面外科学，口腔微生物学，口腔病理学，龋病学，口腔康复，正牙学，儿科牙科学，牙周病学，移植学等。

Copper has been traditionally used for centuries to address Dermatological and stomatology.

硫酸铜加强ACTIFUNGI的抗霉菌作用，同时又在药物中抗菌和抗病毒成分，铜传统上用于皮肤病学和口腔学已有数世纪。

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI manifestations of oral carcinoma,and to evaluate the value of imaging technologies in the diagnosis of oral carcinoma,thus to explore the most reasonable imaging method Methods 46 cases with oral carcinoma,proved by surgery and pathology （2 lip tumors,8 carcinomas of the gingival ridge,5 carcinomas of the buccal mucosa,24 tongue carcinomas,5 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth,2 tumors of the hard palate）,were analysed retrospectively32 cases were examined with CT and 14 cases with MRIImaging presentations were compared with surgery and pathology Results Of the 46 cases with oral carcinoma,22 were ulcerative lesion of infiltrative growth,24 were masslike lesion of extruded trowthOf the 32 cases examined with CT scan,27 were detected,5 were missed,the 4 missed cases were confirmed to be superficial ulcers by surgery and pathologyOf the 10 cases with bone destruction examined with CT scan,8 were manifested,2 were missedAnd of the 14 cases with MRI scan,all 14 were detected Conclusion CT and MRI scan are valuable for diagnosis of oral carcinomasThey can manifest the morphology and size of primary tumor,contiguous structures,bone invasion and cervical lymph node metastasisMRI is the optimal imaging method for superficial ulcerative lesion of infiltratibe growth

徐 锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探索合理的影像学检查方法。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的口腔癌46例（唇癌2例，牙龈癌8例，颊黏膜癌5例，舌癌24例，口底癌5例，硬腭癌2例），其中32例行CT扫描，14例行MRI扫描，将影像表现与手术所见及病理结果进行对照分析。结果 46例口腔癌中，呈浸润性生长的溃疡型病变22例，外生性生长的肿物型病变24例。CT扫描32例，明确显示病变27例，遗漏病变5例，其中4例为表浅溃疡型病变。CT扫描病例中，10例有骨质侵犯，CT扫描准确评价8例，遗漏2例。MRI扫描14例，均准确评价肿瘤及其与周围结构的关系。结论 CT、MRI对口腔癌原发肿瘤的形态、大小、周围结构侵犯、颈部淋巴结转移的评价有重要价值。对于较小及呈浸润性生长的表浅溃疡型肿瘤，CT扫描尤其是CT平扫难以准确显示，应首选MRI。

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI manifestations of oral carcinoma,and to evaluate the value of imaging technologies in the diagnosis of oral carcinoma,thus to explore the most reasonable imaging method Methods 46 cases with oral carcinoma,proved by surgery and pathology （2 lip tumors,8 carcinomas of the gingival ridge,5 carcinomas of the buccal mucosa,24 tongue carcinomas,5 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth,2 tumors of the hard palate）,were analysed retrospectively32 cases were examined with CT and 14 cases with MRIImaging presentations were compared with surgery and pathology Results Of the 46 cases with oral carcinoma,22 were ulcerative lesion of infiltrative growth,24 were masslike lesion of extruded trowthOf the 32 cases examined with CT scan,27 were detected,5 were missed,the 4 missed cases were confirmed to be superficial ulcers by surgery and pathologyOf the 10 cases with bone destruction examined with CT scan,8 were manifested,2 were missedAnd of the 14 cases with MRI scan,all 14 were detected Conclusion CT and MRI scan are valuable for diagnosis of oral carcinomasThey can manifest the morphology and size of primary tumor,contiguous structures,bone invasion and cervical lymph node metastasisMRI is the optimal imaging method for superficial ulcerative lesion of infiltratibe growth

中华硕博网核心提示：徐锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武关键词：口腔肿瘤目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探徐锋，罗德红，唐威，欧阳汉，周纯武目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探索合理的影像学检查方法。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的口腔癌46例（唇癌2例，牙龈癌8例，颊黏膜癌5例，舌癌24例，口底癌5例，硬腭癌2例），其中32例行CT扫描，14例行MRI扫描，将影像表现与手术所见及病理结果进行对照分析。结果46例口腔癌中，呈浸润性生长的溃疡型病变22例，外生性生长的肿物型病变24例。CT扫描32例，明确显示病变27例，遗漏病变5例，其中4例为表浅溃疡型病变。CT扫描病例中，10例有骨质侵犯，CT扫描准确评价8例，遗漏2例。MRI扫描14例，均准确评价肿瘤及其与四周结构的关系。结论 CT、MRI对口腔癌原发肿瘤的形态、大小、四周结构侵犯、颈部淋巴结转移的评价有重要价值。对于较小及呈浸润性生长的表浅溃疡型肿瘤，CT扫描尤其是CT平扫难以准确显示，应首选MRI。

It consists of 10 secondary insititutes ( Basic Medicine, the First Clinic Medicine, the Second Clinic Medicine, Stomaology, Pharmacy, Public Sanitation, Medical Jurispurdence, etc), and there are 12 undergraduate specialities, including clinic medicine, anesthesiology, medical inspection, medical imageology, nursing, eye photics, preventive medicine, stomaology, medical jurispurdence, pharmacy, etc.

现有10个二级学院（基础医学，第一临床学，第二临床学，口腔医学，药学，公共卫生，法医学等），设临床医学、麻醉学、医学检验、医学影像学、护理学、眼视光学、预防医学、口腔医学、法医学、药学等12个本科专业。

Finally, the virtual scene was reedited in a VR software, producing the eventual interactive virtual reality file which could be executed directly. Results: A considerable number of digital 3D models of frequently used implant systems were successfully constructed, initially completing the construction of model base for virtual reality in dental implantology education.

结果：制作完成了部分常用口腔种植系统的相关三维模型，初步建立起了口腔种植修复学教学用虚拟现实的三维模型素材库，初步搭建了1例典型的口腔种植修复临床治疗场景，编辑生成了可直接操作的三维虚拟现实课件。

There were 9 teaching units(the department of Basic medicine, Clinical medicine, Chinese mongolia medicine, Pharmacy, Nursing, etc) and 11 specialities(clinicial medicine, traditional chinese medicine, pharmacy, nursing, anaesthesiology, imageology, stomatology).

学院设有基础医学部、临床医学部、中蒙医学系、药学系、护理学系等9个教学单位，开设临床医学、中医学、药学、护理学、麻醉学、口腔学、影像学等11个专业。

There are 13 undergraduate majors and 7 3-year specialities in the university. The undergraduate majors are clinic medicine, preventive medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, anaesthesiology, imageology, stomatology, advanced nursing, pharmacy, medical inspection, the management of common sanitation, the combination of Chinese medicine and western medicine, acupuncture and massage, communal medicine, etc.

学院具有临床医学、预防医学、中医学、医学影像学、麻醉学、高级护理学、药学、口腔学、医学检验学、公共卫生事业管理、中医专业、针灸推拿专业、社区医学等13个本科专业、7个专科专业。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。