叠

For an objective comparison, the iteration numbers of these methods are: MLEM with 32iterations, OSEM with 4-subset 8 iterations and 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 40-subset and 20 iterations, RAMLA with 4-subset and 8 iteration and relaxation parameter 0.5 and 1.5, respectively.

本研究取Inveon microPET扫描小鼠的正弦图，以MLEM、OSEM及RAMLA重建，MLEM叠代次数为32次；OSEM序列子集阶层为2、4、8、20、40，叠代次数为8、20次；RAMLA因定松弛系数为0.5、1、1.5，序列子集阶层4，叠代次数为8次。

Of the five stages deformation, the exact ages of the (2) and (3) were determined by 40Ar/39Ar method as 290 and 259 Ma respectively.2. New results on the metamorphic belts and associated metamorphism of the Xiaopu metamorphic rocksBased on detailed microtextural observations and occurrence of typical metamorphic minerals, five metamorphic belts in the Xiaopu metamorphic rocks are identified. From the north to the south, they are biotite belt, garnet belt, staurolite belt, andalusite belt, and sillimanite belt. I suggested that the metamorphic belts occurred in the Xiaopu area belongs to the high temperature/low pressure series, may have resulted from the later Permian crust extension at ca. 290 Ma.3. I suggest that there may have been a Carboniferous backarc basin along the southern slope of the Harlik Mountain.Detrital Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating indicated that the sedimentary age of the Julideneng formation lithic sandstone must be later than late Devonian, most likely is Carboniferous rather than previously thought Precambrian. Analyses on its geologic setting, location of provenance, and sedimentary environment suggest the Carboniferous strata may form in a lagged backarc basin bounded by backarc uplifts.5. Reconstruction of the post-Paleozoic tectonic evolution history of the Harlik MountainThe tectonic evolution of Harlik mountains since the Paleozoic were reconstructed as followings:(1) arc-affinity magmative activities occurred during the middle-Ordovician to early-Silurian;(2) the middle-Silurian to late-Devonian was a back-arc uplift stage;(3) back-arc extension featured the Carboniferous period;(4) post-collisional extension and/then compression during Permian;(5) at the Mesozoic, differential uplift developed; and (6) the late Cenozoic is the intra-continental re-orogen stage.6. Primary estimation of the crust shortening is madeThe folded pre-Mesozoic strata were used to estimate crust shortening along the Harliknanshankou-Koumenzi, Shichengzi-Baishitou, and Qincheng-Xiaopu sections. Their shortening ratios are 16.2%, 19.8%, and 20.1% respectively corresponding crust shortening are 4.3, 9, and 11.3 km.

根据Ar-Ar热年代学研究，精确测定了早二叠世伸展变形和晚二叠世挤压变形的峰期时代分别为290Ma和259Ma.2、提出了关于哈尔里克山南麓小铺一带变质带和变质作用的新认识根据显微观察资料和特征变质矿物的出现，把小铺一带的变质岩由SW向NE方向依次划分为黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带、红柱石带和矽线石带等变质带；初步确定该区的变质作用属于中温-低压型，变质作用发生的时代为290Ma左右，是该区早二叠世地壳伸展的产物。3、首次提出哈尔里克山南麓在石炭纪可能发育弧后盆地的新观点根据哈尔里克山南麓原"居里得能组"岩屑砂岩的碎屑锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年，确认这套地层的沉积不早于晚泥盆世，很可能是石炭纪，而不是前人所说的前寒武纪；结合对其区域地质背景、源区位置和沉积环境分析，推测该区石炭纪可能为滞后弧后盆地和弧后隆起区构造背景。4、进一步证明哈尔里克山不发育与岛弧演化相关的泥盆纪岩浆活动根据对代表性闪长岩和花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学研究获得的新资料，结合该区已有相关资料的综合研究，确定哈尔里克山岩浆岩分别形成于奥陶纪-志留纪和石炭纪晚期-二叠纪，不存在泥盆纪的岩浆岩，进而认为该区泥盆纪不属于岛弧环境。5、重建了哈尔里克山古生代以来的地质演化过程根据区域资料以及本次研究所获得的资料，把哈尔里克山古生代以来的构造演化划分中奥陶世-早志留世为岛弧、中志留世-晚泥盆世为弧后区、石炭纪弧后伸展、二叠纪为后碰撞伸展与挤压、中生代差异隆升和晚新生代陆内再造山过程等构造阶段。6、初步估算了哈尔里克山地壳缩短率和缩短量根据前中生代地层褶皱估算的哈尔里克山南山口-口门子、石城子-白石头和沁城-小铺三条剖面的地壳缩短率分别为16.2%、19.8%和20.1%，相应的地壳缩短量分别为4.3km、9km和11.3km。

To analyze the pseudo phenomena caused by migration velocity error, the paper firstly studied the depth error between post-stack migration and prestack migration caused by same velocity error, and found the depth error was only relative to velocity error and had no direct matter with methods of depth migration (post-stack migration or prestack migration). Then the paper did numerical simulation of a complex lenticular body model with wave-equation modeling and migration, and found that the velocity error could not only induce depth error, but also could change the modality of construction and the event of subjacent layers. Furthermore, it could change the frequency of reflective event. They are the pseudo phenomena caused by migration.

从分析偏移速度误差带来的各种假象出发，本文首先对比分析了速度误差对叠后深度偏移和叠前深度偏移的影响，发现偏移剖面的深度误差仅与速度模型的误差有关系，与具体的偏移方法没有直接的关系；然后对一个复杂的透镜体模型进行了波动方程叠后正演和偏移计算，详细地讨论了不同的速度误差带来的各种假象，发现速度误差不仅会带来深度误差，而且会造成构造体的形态变化，下覆地层同向轴的扭曲，还可能引起地层同向轴的频率发生变化，给资料解释带来一定的假象。

This thesis studied mainly on the Cu catalyzed multicomponent reactions in the presence of terminal alkynes and sulfonyl azides.

本论文以Cu催化下磺酰叠氮和末端炔参与的多组分反应主要研究对象，全文共分三个部分，内容概要如下：第一章磺酰叠氮参与有机反应研究进展本章我们就磺酰叠氮的一些基本特征和最新研究进展进行了综述。

This thesis studied mainly on the Cu catalyzed multicomponent reactions in the presence of terminal alkynes and sulfonyl azide s.

本论文以Cu催化下磺酰叠氮和末端炔参与的多组分反应主要研究对象，全文共分三个部分，内容概要如下：第一章磺酰叠氮参与有机反应研究进展本章我们就磺酰叠氮的一些基本特征和最新研究进展进行了综述。

Governments or officials are able to infringe or unfairly protect social human rights relying on power, it is the producer of human rights conflict between officials and citizens and inducer of mutual infringement of human rights leading to social conflicts; if social human rights are unintegrated, it is another kind of antagonism or conflict.

因为，政府或官员对社会人权可以依仗权力侵犯和不公正地维护，这就是制造官民人权冲突者，再是造成社会成员之间侵犯人权而致社会冲突叠起者，如社会人权不融合就是对抗或冲突；因此，社会各种矛盾或刑事犯罪会叠起，而随之反抗或冲突也会叠起，而终会造成害人人。

The study of their precise UPb geochronology and characteristics of rock associations shows that (1) small amount of EarlyTriassic (~248 Ma) volcanic rocks were preserved and cropped out in the area, which consist mainly of thin bed of andesitic rocks intercalated with minor basaltic andesites; that (2) the MiddleTriassic magmatism was characterized by extensive felsic igneous rocks with minor basalts interbedded in the middle of volcanic sections in part of areas, and the late MiddleTriassic rhyolites and main body of Lincang granitic batholith have the same extrusive/intrusive time with the age of ~230 Ma; that (3) the LateTriassic volcanic sequences are principally composed of basalts with minor interlayered rhyolites, exhibiting typical characteristics of bimodal volcanics.

三叠纪岩浆作用广泛发育于澜沧江南带，锆石UPb年代学结果及岩石组合特征显示：(1)该区残留有少量的早三叠世火山岩(约248 Ma)，主要为一套薄层的以安山岩为主的火山岩；(2)中三叠世以大规模的酸性岩浆作用为主，部分地段的中部夹有少量的玄武岩，其中晚期的流纹岩与该区出露巨大的临沧花岗岩基主体具有一致的形成时代(约230 Ma)；(3)晚三叠世则以基性火山岩为主，夹少量流纹岩为特征的&双峰式&火山岩组合。

New data reveal that the age of the so-called Gigantopteris Coal Series indifferent places of South China is not exactly the same and ranges from the late LowerPermian to the close of the epoch,while several elements of the Gigantopteris-Flora,such as Gigantopteris,Pecopteris,Annularia,Lobatannularia and Paracalamites mays...

新的资料证实，这一含煤地层的时代在各地不尽相同，它起自早二叠世晚期——茅口期并一直延续至二叠纪末。对二叠纪古气候所作的概略分析表明，整个二叠纪在华南都是成煤期，只要古地理条件有利，在早二叠世的栖霞期和茅口期以及晚二叠世的龙潭期和长兴期都可以生成煤层。

The Lazhulong-Jinshajiang ophiolites occurred at archipelagic ocean that opened in Late Permian to Early Triassic and closed until Late Triassic that is a epeirogenic process characterized by "soft collision" that show lentiform and faulting ophiolites, folding marine strata, and accretionary wedge.

该蛇绿岩形成于晚二叠世至早三叠世多岛小洋盆环境，并在晚三叠世末期随古特提斯的闭合而构造侵位，这是一个以软碰撞为特征的造陆过程，伴生蛇绿岩体透镜体化和构造肢解、海相沉积岩褶皱变形和增生楔逆冲作用。

During early middle Jurassic period, Quemocuo formation in NQB was offshore lake deposition with marine feature, in SQB was shelf deposition, which indicted that an intense rifting and sea level rising with more large range, and consequently, eroding area was shrunk and deposition area was expanded.4. According to the result of stratigraphic surface features, division and correlation, and the paleographic characteristic, Qiangtang Basin during late Triassic -early middle Jurassic period could be divided into two basin developing stages with difficult tectonic nature, remnent epicontinental basin stage in Carian -early Norian of late Triassic and rifting basin stage in middle Norian of late Triassic - early middle Jurassic period respectively.

雀莫错组在羌北盆地为近海湖泊沉积，更具海相色彩：南羌塘主要为外陆棚沉积，反映羌塘盆地再次发生较强烈的裂陷作用和较大幅度的海平面上升，形成陆源剥蚀区缩小，沉积覆盖面增大的古地理面貌。4、根据地层界面特征、地层划分与对比结果和岩相古地理演化特征可将晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期羌塘盆地划分为两个不同构造性质的盆地发展时期，分别为晚三叠世卡尼期—若利早期的残留内陆表海沉积盆地发展与消亡时期和晚三叠世若利期中晚期—中侏罗世早期的裂陷盆地的形成与发展时期。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。