变骨

Renal osteodystrophy is a common complication in patients with chronic renal failure. According to difference in bone turnover rates, it is classified into high turnover renal osteodystrophy, and low turnover renal osteodystrophy (including mixed uremic osteodystrophy, aluminum-induced osteomalacia and adynamic bone disease).

肾骨病变为慢性肾衰竭病患常见之并发症，其传统之分类根据骨周转速率之不同分为高周转型骨病变，及低周转型骨病变（包括混合型肾骨病变，铝中毒引起之骨软化症，及再生不良型骨病变）。

Calcium and phosphorus, is the formation of the skeleton of "construction materials", the lack of new bone formation can lead to obstacles, bone Liang small, osteoporosis, soft, causing the skull to soften, according to the kind of bombs have table tennis sexy, it means that a "ping-pong head "; At the same time, the accumulation of osteoid tissue, the amount will be led to the child appears at the top of the skull circular symmetry sudden, the head thus become square, commonly known as transcranial side, naturally lose their sense of beauty.

钙与磷，是形成骨骼的"建筑材料"，缺乏可导致新骨形成障碍，骨梁细小，骨质疏松、变软，造成颅骨软化，按之有乒乓球样的弹性感，谓之"乒乓头"；同时骨样组织堆积，亦会致使孩子额顶部出现对称性颅骨圆突，头颅因而变得方方正正，俗称方颅，自然失去美感。

The skeletal system showed a series of evolutive characteristics, for example, it had one premaxillary and one frontal bone, the malaris disappeared, the squamosal became smaller, the vomer became thinner, the suturae between the dentary and splenial and the suturae between the coronoid and angular was blurry.

表现出了一系列进化特征，如前颌骨愈合成1块，额骨也愈合成1块，颧骨消失，鳞骨变小，犁骨薄弱，下颌夹板骨与齿骨、冠状骨及隅骨之间的骨缝不明显，愈合程度较高。

The results revealed that there was osteoporosis appeared at 6 weeks in rigid fixating segment.Bone lossing happened at Haver's system, bone absorption revealed after 10weeks on endosteal surface and enlargement of bone marrow. Osteoporosis and thinning of the cortex on fixating segment,especially under steel plate happened due to negative balance of remodeling process of the two surface of the bone.

结果发现：坚硬接骨板内固定后六周时固定段骨即出现骨质疏松，发生在哈佛氏系统的骨丢失，10周后骨内膜表面出现骨吸收、骨髓腔增大，两个表面的骨重建单位的负平衡使固定段皮质骨疏松变薄，特别是在钢板下。

Result:all the cases were diagnosed as early anfh by x-ray film in 35 sites,stage i showed osteoporosis and osteosclerosis in 15 sites,stage ii showed osteosclerosis and cystic hyalomere in 20 sites.56 cases of early anfh were discovered by ct in 43 sites.stage i stelliform sign distortion and osteoporosis and osteosclerosis in 17 sites,stage ii showed meniscus sign was 26 sites.

结果：全部患者x线平片诊断早期anfh共35个部位，其中ⅰ期占15个，x线表现为骨质疏松及骨硬化；ii期20个，表现为骨硬化和囊状低密度区。ct发现早期anfh共43个部位，其中i期占17个，表现为组成骨小梁星芒结构消失，骨质疏松变和骨硬化；ii期26个，表现为囊状低密度区及骨硬化。

The fundamental imaging features of osteosarcoma were showed bone destruction, periosteal reaction, neoplastic bone and soft-tissue mass. Among 49 cases examined by radiography, osteoblastic pattern sarcoma was found in 19 cases, osteolytic pattern sarcoma was found in 13 cases and mixed pattern sarcoma was found in 17 cases. The detection rates of bone destruction, periosteal reaction, soft-tissue mass, neoplastic bone and Codman triangle by radiography were respectively 61.2%, 95.9%, 71.4%, 73.5%and 27.7%. All 10 cases with CT scan were showed bone destruction, soft - tissue mass and neoplastic bone. The detection rates of periosteal reaction,憇ieve sign挶 and Codman triangle with CT scan were respectively 90%, 90% and 11%. The tiny neoplastic bone and"sieve sign"were showed sensitively by CT, but Codman triangle was showed by radiography superior to CT.32 cases with MRI scan presented the normal marrow was replaced by the tumor, which was showed low to intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and promiscuity signal intensity on T2-weighted images. 7 cases presented hemorrhage and 24 cases presented necrosis.

骨肉瘤基本影像表现为骨质破坏、骨膜反应、瘤骨和软组织肿块。49例X线表现为成骨型19例，溶骨型13例，混合型17例；X线对骨质破坏、骨膜反应、软组织肿块、瘤骨和Codman三角的检出率分别为61.2%、95.9%、71.4%、73.5%和27.7%；10例CT表现均可见骨质破坏、软组织肿块及瘤骨，CT对骨膜反应、筛孔征和Codman三角的检出率为90%、90%和11%；CT对显示细小肿瘤骨和筛孔征最敏感，但对Codman三角的显示不如X线平片；32例MRI表现为骨髓腔内正常的骨髓高信号被肿瘤信号所取代，T1WI呈低～等信号，T2WI呈混杂信号，7例合并出血，24例中央坏死囊变，32例增强扫描均呈不均匀强化及瘤周可见水肿区。

Results Microstructure of callus showed that the area of mature trabecular in callus of OPFM group was smaller than that of CFM group, and was thinner with a wide intertrabecular distance. The dynamic parameters demonstrated that the fluorescent labeling percentage on the trabecular surface of OPFM group was lower than that of CFM group, but bone mineral apposition rate was higher.

结果 ①骨痂组织骨组织形态计量学结果发现：OPFM组成熟小梁骨占骨痂面积比CFM组小，且小梁骨厚度变薄、小梁骨间距较宽；同时骨小梁动力学参数显示：OPFM组骨小梁表面荧光标记百分比较CFM组低，而骨矿化沉积率却较高。

RESULTS: HE staining showed that bone resorption in Ti treatment group was increased obviously and the structure of bone trabecula was disottlerly and osteoporotic, the volume of osteoclast was enlarged and number was increased. The findings were reduced in etanercep groups, especially in 200 μg/kg group.

结果：苏木精－伊红染色结果为单纯钛处理组骨吸收明显增加，骨小梁结构紊乱及骨质疏松，破骨细胞的形态变大，数目变多；依那西普干预组上述表现减轻，尤以200μg/kg剂量为明显。

Craniomaxillofacial surgery or accidental injury frequently results in large bony defects requires the bone grafts to enhance the bone healing. Synthetic bone substitutes such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and calcium sulfate have shortcomings in the sense that they have prolonged working and setting time, poor strain, shear strength and not easily shapeable. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a novel, convenient and easily shapeable bone graft that is composed of poly-lactic acid and polycaprolactone as the matrix and calcium sulfate as the filler.

口腔及颅颜外科手术或意外伤害时，倘若造成大范围之骨缺损，常因愈合不易而需要进行骨移植术加速骨的愈合，目前虽有氢氧磷灰石，磷酸钙与硫酸钙合成骨替代物等选择，但这些产品操作及固化时间长、不易塑形、抗张力与抗剪切力较低，而造成手术时间变长，因此本研究目的在研发一种新型且操作便利，可快速塑形，符合组织工程原理，应用於骨缺损的骨？

Craniomaxillofacial surgery or accidental injury frequently results in large bony defects requires the bone grafts to enhance the bone healing. Synthetic bone substitutes such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and calcium sulfate have shortcomings in the sense that they have prolonged working and setting time, poor strain, shear strength and not easily shapeable. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a novel, convenient and easily shapeable bone graft that is composed of poly-lactic acid and polycaprolactone as the matrix and calcium sulfate as the filler.

中文摘要口腔及颅颜外科手术或意外伤害时，倘若造成大范围之骨缺损，常因愈合不易而需要进行骨移植术加速骨的愈合，目前虽有氢氧磷灰石，磷酸钙与硫酸钙合成骨替代物等选择，但这些产品操作及固化时间长、不易塑形、抗张力与抗剪切力较低，而造成手术时间变长，因此本研究目的在研发一种新型且操作便利，可快速塑形，符合组织工程原理，应用於骨缺损的骨？

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。