变量

In the computational methods of TPBVP, in order to reduce some difficulties involved in solving a TPBVP via adjoint variables, we discuss a direct method in which state and control variables are indirectly parameterized, The method employs a recently developed direct optimization technique that uses a piecewise polynomial representation for the state and control variables, thus converting the optimal control problem into a nonlinear programming problem, which can be solved numerically.

在数值解法中，为了减少解决两点边值问题共轭变量带来的困难，主要讨论了将状态变量和控制变量进行参数化的一种直接方法，这种方法采用了近段发展起来的使用分段的多项式来代替状态和控制变量的直接优化方法，然后最优控制问题就转化成可以用数值方法解决的非线性规划问题，使得迭代初值更加容易选取。

Based on the temperature propagating analysis, the quantitative effect of decision parameter on position parameter and the objective function was obtained.

基于换热网络的温度传递系数分析，能够定量地求得决策变量和参数对状态变量和目标函数产生的影响，可以求得状态变量随决策变量的变化。

In the global variable, the source variable is referenced on primal space and the configure variable on dual space.

首次将全局变量中的源变量定义在原剖分网格上，将全局变量中的形态变量定义在映射剖分网格上，提高了在区域边界不规则的情况下多介质区域中磁场计算精度，和编程效率。

Introduced the proportional variable pump system used in injection molding press and the working principal and structure of proportional variable pump , described the major futures and benefit and the developing prospect of the system.

介绍了比例变量泵系统在注塑机上的应用情况，以及比例变量泵的结构和工作原理，阐述了比例变量泵系统的主要优点和注塑机应用比例变量泵系统的效益与发展前景。

It's pointed out that soft sensor will play more important role in field bus network control system. According to this, a crude solution was addressed. At last, we point out that soft sensor technology must used to build an information warehouse for the whole enterprise, combined with data fusion, data warehouse, data rectification and other related technologies. The main contributions of this dissertation are as follows: The background, requirement, and application situation of soft sensors are expounded, the theories, methods and skills of soft sensing technology are analyzed, and the fruits and problems in current soft sensor technologies are summarized. Some new methods of soft sensor is proposed: A principal component analysis-based secondary variable selection method are proposed; A new conception which modeling data should have gross error detection is addressed, and then a cluster analysis-based modeling data gross error detection method is given.

本文的主要贡献有：对软测量技术根据实践的要求进行了一定的理论研究，针对具体问题提出了新的方法：讨论了辅助变量选择问题，研究了基于主元分析的辅助变量选择方法，该方法克服了传统方法只能利用数学模型产生的仿真数据进行最优辅助变量选择的缺点，可以根据历史数据进行辅助变量选择；提出了建模数据显著误差侦破的概念，指出传统的显著误差侦破研究的是已知过程数学模型的情况，而建模时数学模型是未知的，但是直接来自现场的数据并不能保证不含显著误差，并用基于聚类分析的方法解决了该问题，该方法利用聚类分析原理，直接面对过程数据，不需以过程模型为基础，在此基础上给出了软测量建模过程中样本数据的处理方法。

The notion of random fuzzy variable was first introduced by Baoding Liu in 2002. A fuzzy random variable is a function from a probability space to the set of fuzzy variables.

模糊随机变量定义为从概率空间到模糊变量集合的函数，而随机模糊变量定义为从可信性空间到随机变量集合的函数。

The results indicated:（1）the combination of the Markov and spatial logistic models can improve the predictability of each model individually. In macroscopic scale, the total land use amount can be predicted via Markov chain; in microscopic scale, the multi-class multinomial logistic model can be used to implement the combined calculations of categorical variable and continuous variable, qualitative variable and quantitative variable to improve the precision of spatial regression. Meanwhile, the transition probability of each land use unit will be confirmed and the prediction of land use spatial distribution will also be completed.（2）the application system developed in accordance with the integrated model can effectively simulate and predict the land use evolution in Shenzhen City, and the prediction precision of verification system will suffice for recent land use monitoring and the making of annual land supply planning.

研究结果：（1）空间Logistic和Markov模型集成可提升单一模型的应用能力，宏观上利用Markov Chain进行土地利用规模总量预测，微观上利用多分类Multinomial Logistic模型解决分类变量与连续变量，定性变量和定量变量的联合解算提高空间回归精度，同时可以确定每一个土地利用单元转移概率，实现土地利用空间分布的预测；（2）基于集成模型开发出的应用系统能够有效仿真和预测深圳市土地利用演化，通过验证系统预测精度能够满足近期土地利用预警和年度土地供应计划编制。

The result shows:(1)the experiment accelerates notably the optimization of students′s psychological quality elements such as stability,anxiety,independence,self-control and nervousness,etc;(2)the experiment lessens the degree of students′anxiety tendency on study,social relationship,loneliness and self-reproaching;(3)the experiment lowers the abnormal anxiety rate on students′ anxiety tendency on study and self-reproaching.

验证实验假设，评定实验效果，可以通过定性分析和定量分析来实现，其中定量分析对于验证实验假设，评定实验效果具有重要意义，作为实验效果的评定，如果缺乏必要的定量分析，则很难说是科学的、客观的。教育实验需要确定实验变量(包括控制变量、反应变量)和控制无关变量。

The author constructed a linear schemes type Region-Project-Join-Normal-Form based on lossless join decomposition, and gave the form of RPJNF through the presentation of equivalence between semantic variable independence and syntax variable independence under finite precision domain. Some other new constraint data dependencies including partitioned multi-region existence dependency and single region existence dependency were also presented. A result of variables set under linear transformation was discussed.

文中给出并证明了多区域存在依赖满足的几条推理规则；提出并证明了线性序约束关系进行模式无损连接分解的充要条件是变量集满足变量独立和多区域存在依赖；设计了一种基于模式无损连接分解的区域投影连接范式；通过证明有限精度域上语义变量独立和语法变量独立的等价性，给出有限精度域上RPJ范式的表达形式。

We give some results on the strong law of large numbers for sequence of negatively associated random variables with different distributions.

给出了具有不同分布的NA随机变量列满足的若干强大数律；作为应用，不仅将独立随机变量的一类强极限定理完整的推广到NA随机变量情形，而且关于NA随机变量的一些已有结果可以作为推论得出。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。