变迁

It's a new research into aboriginality of folk religion in South-East China by a cross-nation-culture beyond Han-nationality's view. The brightness of the article is distinguishing the basic culture of abrigines and the superculture of Han immigrants, and finding the transitional history from aboriginal religion to folk religion in South-East China by the co-research of archeology, history, folklore and anthropology.

东南民间信仰土著性问题的提出突破了汉文化一统演化论的视野，从跨文化的角度考察民间信仰文化，通过考古学、历史学、民俗学、人类学的整合研究，在纷繁复杂的东南民间信仰文化中区分土著越人的基层文化与客来汉人的上层文化，追溯从土著的"万物有灵"和"好巫尚鬼"到东南"汉"人复杂多样的自然崇拜和发达的"救生"神灵的历史过程，理顺其传承与变迁，构建从土著越人原始宗教到东南"汉人"民间信仰历史发展的知识框架。

While besides the national power, the commercial society and foreign missioners became two organized relief power, which showed the social transition in the late 19th century.

而在国家权力之外，&南省&工商社会和西教教会各成一种有组织的力量入华北助贩，又显示了19世纪后期的世事变迁，荒政亦变迁。

While after 1980s,they adapted to the environmental change by developing rubber plantation featured by temporary dependence on environment. These changes are the result of the interaction between environmental change and cultural adaptation.

这一系列的变迁是曼暖远的克木人所处环境变迁对其刀耕火种文化系统的影响，以及其刀耕火种文化系统不断调适以适应这种影响的结果。

Because of the low efficiency of economy collectivization, collective property rights can"t last for a long time and central government has to communicate with community and peasants. Rural community collective property rights become subjective through balancing benefits by formal or informal trading. With the changes of political and economical environment, the contradiction of rural community property rights between fair and efficiency become more and more serious. Collective lands and collective enterprises advance to privatization gradually. There are two kinds of country collective property rights in the history of its evolution, one offer community common good and the other satisfy peasants" private demand. The collective property rights institution improvement brings efficiency because it privatizes the latter. Because of the limit of industrialization and civilization, land is still the last social welfare of peasants, so rural community must attain the collective property rights to control the pressure of population. Also community has to get money from collective economy.

本文分析的思路是；由于制度变迁的&路径依赖&，农村社区之间的利益分配边界在解放以后得以保持并在集体化过程中得到加强，为社区获得排他性集体产权奠定了基础；由于国家对农村经济的集体化效率极低而不可能长期维持，国家不得不与社区和农民对话，通过正式或非正式的交易平衡多方利益，社区集体产权获得实质性内容；随着政治、经济等环境的不断变化，社区集体产权公平与效率之间的矛盾同益明显，集体土地和集体企业逐渐朝私有化的方向发展；从农村社区集体产权制度变迁的历史来看，集体产权实际上包含两种形式：提供社区公共物品和满足社区农民个人需求，每一次集体产权的制度创新，都是使后者&私有化&而提高了集体经济的效率；但是，受我国工业化和城市化进程缓慢的制约，土地依然是农民最后的生存保障，农村社区必须保持对土地的集体产权以调节人口变化对土地的压力，社区组织行使职能也必须有一定的集体经济提供资金支持。

Massive outflows of rural labour, including women, are both the result and agent of the change.

包括女性在内的农村劳动力的大量外出，既是变迁的结果也是变迁的动力。

The CLAMP analysis and methods of floral coexistence are two comparatively new methods for quantitative reconstruction of Tertiary. terrestrial paleoclimates which rely on data from fossil plants. Using these approaches will enhance Tertiary paleoclimate analyses from Yunnan Province considerably and change the style of analysis from qualitative to quantitative.

目前国际上古植被与古气候变迁关系的研究已从定性描述向定量化研究的方向发展。90年代以来，Wolfe与Mosbtugger分别发展的CLAMP和Coexistence Approach是利用化石植物定量化研究古气候的两种新方法，可用于定量化研究云南第三纪植物与古气候变迁，将是后续工作的重要方向。

Two different system faults are defined, transition invalidation fault and transition time-lag fault.

文中定义了两类系统故障类型：变迁失效故障和变迁时间延迟故障。

In order to record the historical process of technology propagation in honeysuckle production, the author investigates in detail technology propagation and application during the process of producing and selling honeysuckles in the Bunu-Yaos'community, and analyses the effect of technology change on culture change, which the introducing of crop honeysuckle production has led to. And submit views and suggestions specifically for the existed problems. Sum up the shared changing rules of crops, technology and culture.

以记录金银花生产技术传播的历史为脉络，对布努瑶地区金银花生产、销售过程中技术的传播与应用状况进行详细调查，分析了作物金银花引进生产这一技术变迁对布努瑶文化变迁的影响，并针对其中所存在的问题提出自己的看法和建议，总结作物、技术与文化共变的规律。

Abstract」By the approaches of index and explanation of cause and effect,with the statistics in all kinds of yearbooks edited by the authorities ,in comparisonwith some scholars'same studies about other countries or areas ,this article analysesthe impacts of modernization on the evolution of litigation rates in China,1978—2000,and tests the theoretic hypothesis about the relations between social developmentand evolution of litigation established by some foreign scholars.

内容提要」本文运用指标的方法和因果解释的方法，针对国外学者提出的有关社会发展和诉讼率变迁的关系的理论假设，参照国外学者对其他国家和地区这种关系的经验研究，利用政府出版的各种年鉴中的统计资料，分析了中国大陆1978—2000年间现代化发展对民事经济诉讼率变迁的影响。

This dissertation investigates the institutional changes of the bank and its predecessors, and explores the changes and the heritages of the banking institutions with aspects such as constitution and regulation, capital structure, organization, personnel administration,business and operation, and accounting, during the complicated evolution course that from the government bank, then to the government-privat joint banks including the Chekiang Bank, the Chekiang Bank of the Repulic of China and the Chekiang Industrial Bank, and finally to the private Chekiang Industrial Bank. The author expects it could illustrate the historical development of the Chekiang Industrial Bank and its predecessors entirely and deeply.

本文从制度的层面考察浙江实业银行及其前身的历史变迁，探究从官办的浙江官钱局，到官商合办的浙江银行、中华民国浙江银行、浙江地方实业银行，再到商办的浙江实业银行，在这段复杂的历史变迁过程中，银行制度在章程规则、资本结构、组织机构、人事、业务、会计等各个方面的变化和传承，以期较为全面而深入地揭示浙江实业银行及其前身的历史发展面貌。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失