变质的

Opinions vary on the genesis of this type of gold deposits. On the basis of observation and study in this area, with information up to date from other researchers, the authors bring forward that the formation of Muruntau-type of gold deposits in South Tianshan area is closely related to giant nappe structures, especially to the ductile shear zone.

关於该类金矿床的成因也是众说纷纭，根据作者近几年在南天山地区的调研得到的一些认识，以及其他学者对该地区穆龙套型金矿床的最新研究成果，认为南天山地区穆龙套型金矿床的形成与南天山褶皱造山带形成过程中板块边缘的大型逆冲推覆构造，特别是与其伴随的韧性剪切变质变形带具有密切的关系，而与这些构造作用伴随的花岗质岩浆的侵入作用是形成该类金矿床的必要条件。

Water-rock interaction demonstrates that, a gold-boring formation , i. e., a set of light metamorphic clastic gritstone, sandy slate, and tuffaceous slate in Wuqiang Runnel Formation, Ban Stream Group, act as the source of gold deposits in South-West Hunan. The gold is originally derived from volcanic eruption materials in Wuling-Xuefeng period; for the typical single gold deposit such as Mobin, which is short of sulphide, chlorine is very important in the metallogenic process; sulphur and chlorine perform as the major negative ions to form complex ions with Au throughout the gold activation and migration movement. The complex ion of chlorine and gold may keep stable in a wide range of temperature; the physical-chemical conditions in typical geothermal fluid system are of deciding significance for gold activation, migration and precipitation.

特定体系的水岩实验证实了漠滨及整个湘西南金矿的成矿元素Au和伴生元素主要源于赋矿围岩-板溪群五强溪组的一套浅变质碎屑砂岩、砂质板岩和凝灰质板岩；首次突破传统认识，证明氯在中低温热液体系中能与Au形成稳定络合物的形式进行运移，因此氯在本区Au成矿过程中起着相当重要的作用；成矿热液流体中Au主要以金硫、金氯络合物形式在溶液中迁移，阴离子∑S、Cl〓对金的活化、迁移及沉淀起主导作用，Au的伴生元素As、Sb在热液体系中与Au形成金锑、金砷络合物有利于金的进一步活化、迁移及沉淀；中低温热液流体成矿过程中，体系的物理化学参数对Au的活化、迁移及沉淀富集起决定性作用。

Three important conclusions are as follows:(1) the H2O content in garnet and omphacite can be up to 2000ppm and 3000ppm by weight respectively, indicating that they are significant carrier recycing surficial water into deep earth;(2) the heterogeneous distribution at the small scale of the H2O content and hydrogen isotopic ratios suggest that the whole subduction- exhumation process should be very fast;(3) the regular decrease of H2O content from rim to core within some garnet and omphacite grains indicates that hydrogen diffused out from mineral lattice during exhumation in response to sharp pressure decrease, and such hydrogen is expected to be involved in the early-stage retrograde metamorphism.

取得的主要科学认识包括：(1)石榴石和绿辉石的结构水含量可以分别高至2000ppm和3000ppm，这表明它们是板块俯冲过程中将地表水携带进地球深部的重要载体；(2)水含量和氢同位素组成表现出小尺度的不均一分布，说明板块的俯冲和折返过程是十分快速的；(3)在板块折返的早期，由于压力的降低，矿物中的H 会发生不同程度和尺度的扩散，这是早期退变质流体的重要来源。

They are:①completed total 8 000 km long natural seismic profiles cross the northern boundary and central part of the plateau, identified several deep-cut lithospheric faults and low velocity and low density bodies under the central part of the plateau related to Cenozoic volcanic eruption, the Tarim block subducted beneath the Altun Mts;②found the evidence that the Altyn Tagh fault formed in 220～240 Ma and at least 400 km sinistral offset since, and determined quantitatively deformation in Cenozoic;③discovered 350 km long high-ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt in the south border of the Qilian terrane,which brobably represented the Early Paleozoic boundary between the North China and Yangtze plates;④according to new discoveries of caledonian ophiolite,granite are subducted complex established paleo-collision orogenic framework of northern Qinghai-Tibet plateau;⑤proposed a new model .

本文展示了中法1995～2000年青藏高原北部地学研究的如下主要新进展：①完成8 000 km长的青藏高原北部及中部天然地震岩石圈探测剖面，确定若干条岩石圈断裂，发现与新生代火山喷发有关的青藏高原中部深处的低速、低密度体，塔里木地块俯冲于阿尔金山之下；②提出阿尔金断裂形成于220～240 Ma和左行平移400 km的科学依据及确定其新生代变形量；③确定祁连南缘350 km长的高压-超高压变质带，提出其可能代表早古生代时期北中国板块与扬子板块之间西部界限的新认识；④根据加里东期蛇绿岩、花岗岩及俯冲杂岩带的新发现，初步建立了古碰撞造山格架；⑤提出高原隆升的&地幔底辟和内向陆内俯冲&的新假设。

As if the sun should stop when he had kindled his fires up to the splendor of a moon or a star of the sixth magnitude, and go about like a Robin Goodfellow,(6) peeping in at every cottage window, inspiring lunatics, and tainting meats, and making darkness visible, instead of steadily increasing his genial heat and beneficence till he is of such brightness that no mortal can look him in the face, and then, and in the meanwhile too, going about the world in his own orbit, doing it good, or rather, as a truer philosophy has discovered, the world going about him getting good.

仿佛太阳在以它的火焰照耀了月亮或一颗六等星以后，会停下来，跑来跑去像好人罗宾似的，在每所村屋的窗外偷看，叫人发疯，叫肉变质，使黑暗的地方可以看得见东西，而不是继续不已地增强他的柔和的热和恩惠，直到它变得这般光辉灿烂，没有几人能够凝视它，而同时它绕着世界，行走在它自己的轨道上，做好事，或者说，像一个真正的哲学家已经发现了的，地球会绕着它运转而得到了它的好处。

Diamonds began growth when "Jiangnan continent" combined to Yangtze craton, the growth and residence average temperature T〓 was about 1200℃; Diamonds were mutil-stages growth and interruption caused by temperature and pressure varied during Yangtze craton activities; Diamonds were etched when the magma did not erupt on the surface and form failed magma in mantle; during the later growth term T〓＜1050℃, the type ⅠaA diamonds formed unclear and growth; Before the host magma erupted T〓＜0.5Ma, T〓A＜850℃, the type Ⅰb diamond formed unclear and growth; Few diamonds were brittle deformation during growth term, some were plastic deformation after growth; when the host magma erupted on the surface and weathered to alluvial deposit, diamonds surfaces formed green spots caused by irradiation, then most of green spots became to brown spots during a mid-temperature metamorphism; modern river reform it to alluvial deposit in the minute valley again.

在扬子地台&江南古陆&克拉通化时，金刚石开始生长，其生长与保存的平均温度T〓在1200℃左右；期间由于地台的活动，生长的温度压力条件发生了多次变化，使金刚石出现多次生长、停顿；夭折的母岩上侵活动使金刚石受到熔蚀作用；在金刚石形成的晚期，T〓值下降到1050℃以下，出现了另一次金刚石的生长期，在临近金刚石母岩上侵时T〓＜0.5Ma，温度进一步降到850℃以下，使Ⅰb型金刚石得以保存；在金刚石形成期间还有过碎性变形发生；金刚石形成后部分样品经过了塑性变形；金刚石在上侵过程中，遭受了强烈的熔蚀；在母岩露出地表，形成沉积砂矿时，受到了放射性物质的辐照，先形成表层的绿色斑点、壳层，后经过中低温的热变质作用，大部分绿色转化为褐色；现代河流作用对沉积砂矿进一步改造，形成现在的细谷型砂矿。

It is suggested that the ore deposit under study was relative to the mixing of the lowtemperature and hightemperature hydrothermal solutions.δ18O and δD values of oreforming fluid of different ore bodies are unanimous, thus indicating that fluid homogenisation once happened before the formation of oreforming fluid.

研究结果表明，该矿床的形成与中低温热液与中高温热液的混合有关；成矿流体的H、O同位素组成在不同矿体中没有明显的差别，流体形成前曾存在流体的均一化作用；成矿流体的形成是地层循环水与变质水、岩浆水在流体储库中充分混合的结果。

The data show the following ages: 1894±17 Ma and 1847±59 Ma for garnet pyroxenite of the Tiantangshan Group complex, indicating a Paleoproterozoic age; 1462±28 Ma for the metabasic volcanic rocks of the Yunkai Group complex, indicating the presence of fragments of the Meso- and Neoproterozoic oceanic crust in the Yunkai area; 906±24 Ma for the granitic gneiss intrusion is, which should be the product of the global Grenville collisional orogeny occurring around 1000 Ma BP. In addition, an inherited detrital zircon age of 2702±13 Ma was also obtained, which is the oldest age in the Yunkai area and even in Cathaysia, proving the presence of Neoarchean continental crustal material in Cathaysia.

获得天堂山岩群石榴辉石岩的形成年龄为1894Ma±17Ma和1847Ma±59Ma，表明其时代为古元古代；云开岩群洋中脊型变质基性火山岩的喷发年龄为1462Ma±28Ma，证明该地区存在中元古代的古洋壳残片；获得花岗质片麻岩的侵入年龄为906Ma±24Ma，应为1000Ma前后发生的全球性Grenville期造山作用的产物，并获得2702Ma±13Ma的继承碎屑锆石年龄，这是云开地区乃至华夏古陆目前获得的最古老年龄，证明华夏古陆曾存在新太古代陆壳物质。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。