变褐

Result］ The new buds and petals of I.germanica was proper to be used as explant of tissue culture, with lower browning rate compared with other positions. The well situated tissue block of explant (3 mm×3 mm×3 mm) might reduce browning rate. Adding 0.1%Vc or 0.3% active carbon in medium had obvious effect on preventing tissue browning. The exogenous hormone 2 mg/L 6-BA was easy to lead to brownness turning, and 2 mg/L Kt and 2 mg/L NAA brought less effect to tissue browning. When using disinfectants of alcohol, its dipping time of 5～10 s for explant was the best, with the minimum browning rate. The culture under full illumination condition was liable to induce brownness turning, compared with other cultured conditions, the brownness turning could be restrained effectively by using imitating artificial climate condition for culture.

结果］ 鸢尾的新生芽和花瓣较适宜作组织培养的外植体，与其他部位相比褐变率较低；外植体组织块适中（3 mm×3 mm×3 mm）可降低褐变率；在培养基中加入0.1%Vc或0.3%活性炭对防止组织褐化效果明显；外源激素2 mg/L 6-BA易引发褐变，2 mg/L Kt和2 mg/L NAA对组织褐变影响不大；使用乙醇消毒剂时，对外植体浸泡时间以5～10 s为佳，褐变率最低；全光照条件培养容易诱发褐变，采用仿人工气候条件培养较其他条件培养可有效抑制褐变的发生。

Mass fraction) sodium erythorbate ;nonenzymatic browning of greengage juice was restrained more remarkably by vacuum concentration than by normal pressure concentration;the non-enzymatic browning of greengage juice increased and the color darkened with the increase of concentration and processing temperature;non-enzymatic browning of greenga.

结果表明：在青梅果打浆时加入质量分数为0.2%的异抗坏血酸钠，可防止果汁氧化褐变而保持天然淡黄色泽；减压浓缩较常压浓缩明显抑制了非酶褐变的发生；随着果汁含量和加工温度的提高，非酶褐变加快，色泽加深；低温有利于青梅浓缩汁的贮藏，冷冻贮藏是最佳的贮藏条件

Detail of young leaves and growing point; many leaves reduced to bare midrib or narrow green

缺锰甘蓝的鞭尾症：关键在于嫩叶和生长点，许多叶片露出中脉或缩小成绿色波状的薄层残留，心叶和生长点变褐并死亡，顶部周围有大量绿色长有托叶的叶片。

It disserved leaves and formed a Iot of light brown spots as soiled on leaves in initial stages,then the spots turned into brown,in the end the spots turned into grey hoar and pycnidium appeared in the center of the spot, leaves turned yellow and fell off earlier,influenced the output and quality.

叶斑病是近年棉花生产栽培中发生较严重的一种病害，主要侵染植物的叶片，初期在叶片上形成浅褐色水渍状斑点，稍后斑点变褐，后期病斑浅灰色或灰白色，叶片变黄卷曲，提前脱落，从而引起棉花产量及质量的下降。

The browning reaction is mostly non-enzymatic browning, including maillard reaction and caramelization .

浓缩苹果汁的生产工艺基本消除了果汁贮藏期的酶促褐变，在贮藏期的褐变限于非酶促褐变，主要是Maillard反应和焦糖化反应。

According to the browning phenomenon of Castanea mollissima in plant tissue culture and the activity of the peroxidase and polyphenolic oxidase, the results of my study indicated that the activity of PPO has relativity with the browning of the callus, that is the higher activity of enzyme,the more severity of browning.But POD was not as PPO.

本文对褐变的机理进行初步研究，分别统计和测定培养期间褐变率、PPO活性、POD活性，研究培养过程中酶的活性变化与外植体褐变的关系，结果表明：板栗组织培养过程中，PPO活性与褐变存在显著的相关关系，PPO活性高的处理其褐变率也较高，POD活性与褐变之间无相关性。

The result is cast iron cookware that distributes heat evenly, while browning and caramelizing food to perfection.

结果是均匀地分布热，当对完美时的变褐的和变成焦糖的食物的生铁炊具。

Leaf spot was one of the serious fungal diseases in blackcurrant culture in Heilongjiangprovince. It disserved leaves and formed a lot of light brown spots as soiled on leaves in initialstages, then the spots turned into brown, in the end the spots turned into grey hoar and pycnidiumappeared in the center of the spot, leaves turned yellow and fell off earlier, influenced the outputand quality.

叶斑病是近年黑穗醋栗生产栽培中发生较严重的一种病害，主要侵染植物的叶片，初期在叶片上形成浅褐色水渍状斑点，稍后斑点变褐，后期病斑浅灰色或灰白色，斑点中心形成黑色孢子器，叶片变黄卷曲，提前脱落，从而引起黑穗醋栗产量及果实质量的下降。

It was a fine Autumn morning; the early sun shone serenely on embrowned groves and still green fields:advancing on to the lawn, I looked up and surveyed the front of the mansion.

是天气晴朗的秋晨；朝阳在变褐的树丛和仍然发青的田地上恬静地照耀着；我向前走到草坪上面，向上细看看这宅子的前边。

There are two kinds of visual memory: one when you skillfully recreate an image in the laboratory of your mind, with your eyes open (and then I see Annabel in such general terms as:"honey-colored skin,""think arms,""brown bobbed hair,""long lashes,""big bright mouth"); and the other when you instantly evoke, with shut eyes, on the dark inner side of your eyelids, the objective, absolutely optical replica of a beloved face, a little ghost in natural colors.

有二种视觉记忆：一当你熟练地再创造一个图像在你的头脑实验室，与你的眼睛打开(和我然后看见Annabel 用如此将军术语象：&蜂蜜被上色的皮肤，&&认为胳膊，&&变褐浮动的头发，&&长鞭子，&&大明亮嘴&)；并且其他当你立即召唤，与闭上的，在你的眼皮的黑暗的内在边，这个宗旨，绝对光学复制品一张心爱的面孔，一个小鬼魂在自然颜色(和这是怎么我看见 Lolita)。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失