变热

A theoretical model is built to investigate the simulation of the infrared characteristic of the metal structure with the PCM false target.Structure parameters of the PCM false target that suit for the simulation are investigated numerically.According to the results,further request on the improvement of the thermal conductivity of PCM is presented.An experimental platform is built and the numerical model is validated experimentally.Three key thermal characteristic components of the false tank(barbette,wheel and front armor plate) are manufactured and tested,and good results are obtained.A method for the thermal conductivity enhancing of PCM by using aluminum fins is studied,the influence of the structure parameters of PCM plates to the simulation effects are investigated numerically,and the reasonable configuration parameters of the PCM plates used to simulate the steel plates of different thickness are obtained.In the study of the application of heat convection method in IR false target,a passive infrared simulation system is designed to simulate the infrared characteristic of metal constructions.The system is made up of pipe-plate,pump,receiver,and working fluid.

在相变材料应用于红外示假的研究中，通过数值模拟，研究确定了适用于制作假目标的相变材料各物性参数的范围，分析了相变材料制作假目标的可行性，并根据所得结果，选取石蜡为研究对象，建立了相变材料模拟金属构件红外特征的理论模型，研究了适用于模拟各金属构件红外特征的相变材料假目标的相关结构参数，得出了相变材料假目标模拟各金属构件红外特征的理论结果，并对相变材料的导热系数这一物性提出了进一步的改进要求；搭建了假目标实验平台，验证了所建理论模型的准确性；以坦克假目标为研究对象，制作了炮塔、负重轮和前上装甲板三个坦克假目标的关键红外热特征部件，并进行了野外实验，取得了较好的结果；以添加铝肋片作为改进相变材料导热能力的手段，理论研究了此类导热增强型相变材料的相关结构参数对模拟效果的影响，得出了模拟不同厚度钢板红外特征的导热增强型相变材料的结构参数及模拟效果。

The company is mainly engaged in development, manufacturing, sales instrumentation, instrumentation control valves, wire and cable, cable tray, and fiber fiber optic cable and other products, after years of product structure adjustment, and has formed instrumentation including thermal resistance, thermocouple, bimetal thermometer, temperature transmitter, pressure gauge, pressure transmitter, level gauge, level transmitter, instrument pipe valves, temperature, pressure, flow, level series fieldbus instrumentation products; wires and cables including power cables, high temperature silicon rubber cables, inverter cables, control cables, computer cables, cross-linked power cable, steel core aluminum twisted line, fire-retardant cables, heating cables, railway signaling cable, fire cable, marine cable, wire compensation, compensation cables, cable tray series wire and cable products; communications center beam tube fiber optic cable, including fiber optic cable, twisted layer type optical cable, ribbon fiber optic cable, ADSS fiber optic cable and wiring products; business for many years was rated "provincial-level contracts and keep promise in advanced enterprise","provincial advanced enterprises to pay taxes according to law","Bank Credit AAA Grade Enterprise","provincial-level high-tech Enterprise "," China Electronics hundred enterprises "," National Association of temperature instrumentation,"" National cable exemption Products "and other honorary titles.

公司主要从事开发、制造、销售仪器仪表、仪表管阀件、电线电缆、电缆桥架、和光纤光缆等产品，经过多年的产品结构调整，已形成仪表包括热电阻、热电偶、双金属温度计、温度变送器、压力表、压力变送器、液位计、液位变送器、仪表管阀件、温度、压力、流量、液位现场总线等系列仪器仪表产品；电线电缆包括电力电缆、高温硅橡胶电缆、变频电缆、控制电缆、计算机电缆、交联电力电缆、钢芯铝绞线、阻燃电缆、伴热电缆、铁路信号电缆、防火电缆、船用电缆、补偿导线、补偿电缆、电缆桥架等系列电线电缆产品；通信光缆包括中心束管光缆、层绞式光缆、带状光缆、ADSS光缆及其配线系列产品；企业连续多年被评为"省级重合同守信用先进企业"、"省级依法纳税先进企业"、"银行资信AAA级企业"、"省级高新技术企业"、"中国电子百强企业"、"全国温度仪表协会理事"、"国家电缆免检产品"等荣誉称号。

Comparing with water, the optimal heat transfer enhancement is achieved near the critical micelle concentrations of surfactants. The degree of heat transfer enhancement is different with different surfactants and is influenced by solubility characteristic, ionic nature and chemical structure of surfactants. Boiling in surfactant solutions, when compared with that in water, is observed to be more vigorous with smaller-sized, more regularly shaped and faster departure frequency bubbles, but the surfactant solutions of Triton X-100 and Triton X-114 become cloudy for the cloud point of surfactants.

和水相比，表面活性剂强化池内核态沸腾换热的最佳浓度为临界胶束浓度；不同种类表面活性剂强化换热程度不同，它们与表面活性剂的溶解特性、离子类型和化学结构有关；溶液沸腾时，沸腾汽泡的脱离直径变小，脱离频率变快和更不易聚集，但非离子表面活性Triton X-100和Triton X-114由于存在浊点其沸腾溶液变浑浊。

The key points of research and development of latent heat storage are selection or compound of high effective phase change materials, and enhancement of the heat transfer performance of storage systems.

研究和开发利用相变储热的关键是选择或合成高效的相变材料和增强相变储热系统的传热性能。

The main results were summarized as follows: 1 With the increase of cooling rate, full recrystallization during cooling became difficult to take place and the decrease in dislocation density became slow so that dislocation density in austenite remains higher before phase transformation occurred. 2 Compared with undeformed samples, the CCT diagram under deform conditions has a similar shape, but its position shifts leftwards.

计算结果表明：1随着冷却速率增大，低碳钢热变形后的冷却过程中再结晶变得越来越困难，位错密度的下降变慢，导致在相变前奥氏体中保留着较大的变形存储能；2奥氏体在经历热变形后的CCT曲线与未变形条件相比，明显向左上方偏移。

From the theory of phase transformation and thermal elastoplastic, and based on experimental data of laser quenching, a non linear coupling heat conduction equation considering phase transformation, temperature field and variable physical properties can be estabilished.

从相变理论和热弹塑性理论出发，并结合激光淬火实验资料，建立了考虑相变过程、温度场和变物性系数的非线性耦合热传导方程；建立了相变组织与材料性能的数值计算模型。

The phase transition characteristic of non-equilibrium TiNi alloy deformed by hot forge was studied with dilatometry. It was found that there are two kinds of completely different expansion curve when the alloy samples heating and cooling.

用膨胀法考察研究了热锻变形非平衡状态TiNi合金的相变特征，结果表明：热锻变形态TiNi合金有两类截然不同的膨胀曲线，第Ⅰ类在降温时膨胀，对应B2→M相变。

The results are shown as below.1 Tectono-thermal evolution: The history of the Songliao basin is divides into four stages, high-temperature doming and extension, high-temperature rifting, low-temperature depression, and low-temperature shrinkage. Numerical simulation of mechanical process shows that the basin appeared in the early- to late- Jurassic as a result of rapid low-angle subduction of the Pacific plate towards the northwest, of movement of the Siberian block towards the southeast, of many other influences such as internal thermal stress in the mantle, gravitational force, stress of phase transition, etc. Both the Pacific plate and the Siberian block slowed down in the early Cretaceous, and almost stopped in the middle Cretaceous with the rapid decrease of abnormal heat in the mantle below.

盆地构造热演化力源机制数值模拟研究表明：早、中侏罗世至晚侏罗世晚期，盆地演化主要是太平洋块体向北西方向以低角度快速俯冲和西伯利亚块体向东南俯冲共同作用的结果，同时也与地幔内部热力、重力、相变力以及地球自转及公转速度变化效应和上覆块体绝对运动的作用有关；早白垩世早期至早白垩世中期，来自东部太平洋块体俯冲作用的减弱，而这一时期影响盆地演化的主要力源是地幔内部热力、重力、相变力以及地球自转及公转速度变化效应和来自西伯利亚块体俯冲作用；进入早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世早期，由于双重俯冲带中西侧俯冲作用带基本停止活动，而本区地幔热能的快速衰减则控制盆地的构造热演化；晚白垩世晚期以后，太平洋块体活动加强和地幔热运动是影响盆地演化的主要动力。

It is clarified for the first time that the thermal fatigue failure of solder joint is actually a creep strain low cycle fatigue failure, and a physical model for creep fatigue crack propagation has been proposed. It was pointed out that creep strain increases in the high stress area ahead of the tip of thermal fatigue crack, results on one hand that the slide of crack tip increase, inactivation more serious and crack close length increases, the other hand, that intergranular crack exists, whose direction will affect the fatigue crack propagating.

本文首次阐明了焊点的热循环失效本质上是以焊点内循环蠕变为主要应变的低周疲劳失效，并在此基础上提出了蠕变疲劳裂纹扩展的物理模型，指出热循环裂纹前端的高应力区内，蠕变加剧，使裂纹前端滑移增加，裂纹钝化加剧，导致随后的裂纹闭合扩展长度增加；同时蠕变也使裂纹前端的高应力区出现晶间裂纹，蠕变沿晶裂纹对主裂纹扩展的影响取决于沿晶裂纹的连接方向。

According to the test data, the charging time is reduced by 10%40%, and the discharging time is reduced by 10%-15% when the encapsulated stearic acid, sliced paraffin and lauric acid are used and arranged in the storage bed.

根据测试数据得到，与采用传统单一相变材料的储热系统相比，采用硬脂酸、石蜡和月桂酸三种相变材料的储热系统的储热时间减少10～40％，放热时间减少10～15％。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。