变模糊

The definition of the absolute value for a fuzzy number is obtained.Furthermore,a lot ofproblems,such as absolute integrability,bounded variation and absolute continuity,arepresented and discussed.The representation theorem of the absolute values of fuzzy num-bers is established.It plays an important role in discussing the problems conceming theabsolute value.The relation between the absolute integrability and integrabili-ty is discussed,and the following result is obtained:aintegrable fuzzy-number-valued function is absolutely integrable iff it is integrable.The relation between theabsolute integrability and the absolute continuity of the primitive for fuzzy-number-valuedfunctions is dealt with.It is also pointed out that a fuzzy number valued function is ab-solutelyintegrable if and only if its integral primitive is fuzzy absolutely continuous.

提出了模糊数绝对值的概念并讨论了与绝对值相关的一系列问题，如绝对可积性、有界变差性、绝对连续性等，给出了模糊数绝对值的定义以及表示定理，该表示定理在涉及绝对值问题的讨论中起非常重要的作用；讨论了绝对可积与可积之间的关系，得到了结论：可积的模糊数值函数绝对可积的充要条件是该模糊数值函数可积；给出了模糊数值函数绝对可积与其积分原函数绝对连续性之间的关系，指出模糊数值函数绝对可积的充要条件是其原函数模糊绝对连续。

A sliding mode term with the bound to be online estimated adaptively is introduced to improve robustness.

本文对基于模糊逻辑系统的变结构控制研究状况进行了较系统的分析和综述，研究了几种常见的模糊变结构控制方案。

Firstly, the article expatiates the concept of fuzzy reliability and the relation between random and fuzzy. It presents a list of random-finite element formula that is suitable for the reliability analysis for mechanical rigid frame system. Secondly, it presents two arrangements' reliability analysis methods that fit for component and fabric system. Finally, according to the characteristic of engineering mechanical, the article first brings forward half random-half fuzzy"stress-intensity intermeddle model"for mechanical intensity analysis, and according to Gerber equation for weariness intensity calculation, the article presents fuzzy number's calculating principle and the fuzzy reliability analysis method for engineering structure weariness intensity.

首先阐述了模糊可靠性概念、随机性与模糊性的关系；在导出摄动随机有限元法随机变量的变分原理、随机有限元控制方程和递归方程组基础上，给出了适合于工程机械刚架系统可靠性分析的随机有限元列式；给出了构件和结构体系两个层次的可靠性分析方法；根据工程机械的特点，首次提出机械强度分析的半随机半模糊"应力-强度干涉模型"，并依据疲劳强度计算的Gerber方程，给出了模糊强度的模糊数运算法则及工程结构疲劳强度模糊可靠性分析计算方法，该方法具有简便实用的特点和普遍意义。

On this ship's people, good thought that several centuries the person gates, their clothing is various, curls the volume the hair, the neat coattails, the beautiful foreign-style clothing, the enchanting smiling face, they are chatting, the orchestra is singing, not far away also has the vaudeville performance, all come to be as if very fuzzy, captain looked like me to beckon, leads me to visit this huge ship, the luxurious decoration, the expensive meal small dish, had upper crust's guest, all were that luxurious, the intoxicant liquor fragrance, I thought that I might in here not long-drawn-out life approximately, was enjoying all, luxurious life, but all blurred, understands mistily, by now, the sky was projecting together the silver light, I was suitable the silver light direction to fly, captain actually closely held on mine foot, the appearance changed suddenly very fierce, my anxious strength wanted to hold him, by now, a lightning had divided, captain will overthrow, turns head looks, the luxurious steamboat already changed total wreck, but also sent out the intermittent odor!

在这艘船上的人们，好想几个世纪的人门，他们的着装各不相同，卷卷的头发，整齐的燕尾服，美丽的洋装，迷人的笑容，他们在谈笑，乐队在歌唱，不远处还有杂耍表演，一切来似乎很模糊，船长像我招手，带我参观了这艘巨轮，豪华的装饰，昂贵的餐碟，拥有贵族阶级的宾客，一切都是那么奢华，醉人的酒香味，我想我可以在这里无悠无虑的生活，享受着的一切，过着奢侈的生活，可一切又模糊了，蒙蒙懂懂的，正在这时，天空射出一道银光，我顺着银光的指引飞了起来，船长却将我的脚紧紧拉住，面目突然变的十分狰狞，我急力的想揣开他，这时，一道闪电劈过，将船长打倒，回头望去，豪华的轮船已变的破烂不堪，还散发出阵阵的恶臭！

With the structure of FNN turning more complex, the good approach or classification is hard to get because of redundancies and uncertainties caused by both large volume uncertain data and lack of prior knowledge. Based on high order spectral reduction for rulers, a new structure changed Fuzzy Neural Network is proposed.

针对先验知识不完备和不确定的情况下海量数据造成的冗余和互斥，模糊神经网络结构变得复杂化并不能很快逼近和分类输出对象的情况，提出了一种基于高阶谱完成规则约简的变结构模糊神经网络的模型。

A fuzzy variable structure controller inherits the robust characteristics of sliding mode control and interpolation property of fuzzy logic control. The robustness property of variable structure system makes the control system insensitive for different burthen variety and different outside disturbance. Fuzzy control predigests the device of control system and alleviates the chattering which variable structure system causes .

模糊变结构控制器继承了滑模控制的鲁棒性能和模糊逻辑的内插性能，变结构控制的鲁棒性使系统对不同的负荷变化、不同的外界干扰不敏感，模糊控制简化控制器的设计，减弱由变结构引起的抖振现象，实现更良好的控制效果。

Three kinds of arm's robust control theorys are designed: the torque control based on FNN controller, the computed torque control with sliding mode compensation and the computed torque control with WNN compensation. FNN syncretizes the reasoning ability of fuzzy control and parameters' self-learning ability of neural networks. It does not depend on the precision of the mathematical model, and can overcome the impact of the uncertainty effectively. So FNN is regarded as the manipulator controller and used to the trajectory tracking of arm control. The computed torque control with sliding mode compensation is designed.

在此基础上，研究了机械手臂的鲁棒控制法，分别设计了基于模糊神经网络的机械手臂力矩控制方法、基于滑模变结构控制补偿的机械手臂力矩控制方法以及基于小波神经网络补偿的机械手臂力矩控制方法，具体内容如下：模糊神经网络融合了模糊控制的推理能力和神经网络的参数自学习能力，它不依赖于对象精确的数学模型，能有效地克服被控对象存在的不确定部分的影响，本文把模糊神经网络作为机械手臂的关节伺服控制器，通过对网络参数的学习训练来调整机械手臂关节的控制力矩，实现对机械手臂的轨迹跟踪控制。

On the basis of analyzing the concept frameworks of the three kinds of impacts, a combined method of catastrophe and synergistic for cumulative PEIA and "Radar figure and Don Jones index"method for assessment of sustainability related environmental impact associated with policy are raised, and fuzzy altering weight integrated method for impact assessment on biodiversity is set up by combining fuzzy control altering weight.

在分析和说明它们各自概念特征的基础上，提出了政策累积环境影响突变论和协同学相结合的评价方法构想和与可持续性相关的政策环境影响的&雷达图-道琼斯指数&评价方法，并把模糊控制变权思想结合进生物多样性影响模糊综合评价方法之中，创立了政策对生物多样性影响的模糊变权综合评价方法。

Many effects can be applied including relief, shading, blurring, colorizing, thickness, opacity, luminosity and shadow.

许多效果能够包括救济在内被应用，阴影，变模糊，使有色彩，厚度，不透明性。

Orthographic representation of speech sounds –broad and narrow transcriptions 语音的书写形式-宽式和窄式音标 IPA-International Phonetic Alphabet 国际音标 There are two ways to transcribe speech sounds. One is the transcription with letter-symbols only, called broad transcription. The other is the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics, called narrow transcription

窄式音标。实例：对 pit/spit 中 p 音的比较： pit 中的 p 是送气音，在窄式音标中标为上标，写作： spit 中的 p 是不送气音，在宽式音标中不作标示，写作：对 leaf/feel/build/health 中 l 音的比较： Leaf 中 l 在元音前，叫清晰音，在宽式音标中不作标示，写作： Feel 中 l 出现在单词结尾，叫模糊音，在窄式音标中加变音符号 Build 中 l 出现在另一个辅音前，也叫模糊音，在窄式音标中也加变音符号 Health 中 l 出现在齿音前，受其影响叫齿音，在窄式音标中加变音符号 5。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。