变构

When surface pressures are lower than the turnover(5～30mN/m),intermolecularhydrogen bonds were formed with keto form and phase transition was higher ca.60℃;most of SBC18 formed intramolecular hydrogen bonds companied withzwitterion form and phase transition was lower ca.48℃ while at surface pressurehigher than the turnover(≥45mN/m),which is caused by the different interchaininteraction arising from various hydrogen bonds for SBC18 LB film deposited atdifferent surface pressures.

低于相应π-A等温线转折(5～30mN/m)时，以分子间氢键为主，头基主要以醌式构型存在，相变温度较高(≈60℃)；高于转折(≥40mN/m)时，以分子内氢键为主，头基主要以双性离子构型存在，相变温度较低(≈48℃)。

The conclusions are as follows:(1) Neologisms in each Huayu region can be classified into two major categories:self-originated and others-originated,among which the new-born words are "absolute new words" and the inherited word are "relative new words",and there are also others-originated elements in the morphemic and sense systems of new words;(2) Variation can be seen in the morpheme,formation,building and sense of new words in Huayu regions,besides individuals of new words;(3) Aggregation of current new words and compound words with one common morpheme and a same construction,together with the aggregation of synonyms and that of different senses in polysemies,reflect the relevance of the systems of new words in Huayu regions in their variation;(4) Regular participation of hinting sense of a formation element in forming and building new words is an important way of producing new sense of morpheme,and an important reason for the current emergence of words with more than one new senses;(5) Compared with ordinary words,the productivity of ways of word formation in forming new words both in general and of a particular class will change and new ways of word formation appear in Huayu regions;(6) The semantic collocation of the verbal morpheme of new verbs in a phrase has a great influence on the location of its structural center,and the complex syntactic behaviors of new verbs are related to the different processes of argument integration;(7) The processes of building new words with the same meaning differ in levels of approaches to motivation cognition,perspectives of motivation cognition,morpheme motivation and morpheme expression,etc.;(8) The lexical interaction in Huayu regions results in lexical subsystem intersections of current new words across two,three and four regions.

本文的主要结论是：(1)各华语区新词均可分为"自源新词"和"他源新词"两大类，其中的新生词和传承词分属"绝对新词"和"相对新词"，新词语的词素、词义系统中也含有他源成分；(2)除词语个体外，华语区新词在词素、构词、造词、词义等方面均体现了某种程度的变异：(3)通用词语聚合、同素同构词聚合、同义异形词聚合与一词多义聚合集中反映了各华语区新词语系统在变异中的关联；(4)构词单位经常提示词义参与构造新词是产生新语素义的重要途径，也是当代多新义词现象的重要成因；(5)相对于一般词语，构词方式在新词语中的总能产性和在某一词类中所体现的能产性都有所变化，华语区也产生了新的构词方式；(6)新动词的动素在短语中的语义搭配对结构核心的位置有很大影响，新动词的复杂句法表现与不同的论元整合过程有关；(7)同义新词造词过程的差异包括理据认知途径、理据认知角度、词素理据和词素表达等不同层面；(8)华语区的词汇互动形成了双区、三区和四区通用新词等词汇子系统交集，作为华语核心，普通话所含纳的通用词语多于各区域变体。

The conclusions are as follows:(1) Neologisms in each Huayu region can be classified into two major categories:self-originated and others-originated,among which the new-born words are "absolute new words" and the inherited word are "relative new words",and there are also others-originated elements in the morphemic and sense systems of new words;(2) Variation can be seen in the morpheme,formation,building and sense of new words in Huayu regions,besides individuals of new words;(3) Aggregation of current new words and compound words with one common morpheme and a same construction,together with the aggregation of synonyms and that of different senses in polysemies,reflect the relevance of the systems of new words in Huayu regions in their variation;(4) Regular participation of hinting sense of a formation element in forming and building new words is an important way of producing new sense of morpheme,and an important reason for the current emergence of words with more than one new senses;(5) Compared with ordinary words,the productivity of ways of word formation in forming new words both in general and of a particular class will change and new ways of word formation appear in Huayu regions;(6) The semantic collocation of the verbal morpheme of new verbs in a phrase has a great influence on the location of its structural center,and the complex syntactic behaviors of new verbs are related to the different processes of argument integration;(7) The processes of building new words with the same meaning differ in levels of approaches to motivation cognition,perspectives of motivation cognition,morpheme motivation and morpheme expression,etc.;(8) The lexical interaction in Huayu regions results in lexical subsystem intersections of current new words across two,three and four regions.

本文的主要结论是：(1)各华语区新词均可分为&自源新词&和&他源新词&两大类，其中的新生词和传承词分属&绝对新词&和&相对新词&，新词语的词素、词义系统中也含有他源成分；(2)除词语个体外，华语区新词在词素、构词、造词、词义等方面均体现了某种程度的变异：(3)通用词语聚合、同素同构词聚合、同义异形词聚合与一词多义聚合集中反映了各华语区新词语系统在变异中的关联；(4)构词单位经常提示词义参与构造新词是产生新语素义的重要途径，也是当代多新义词现象的重要成因；(5)相对于一般词语，构词方式在新词语中的总能产性和在某一词类中所体现的能产性都有所变化，华语区也产生了新的构词方式；(6)新动词的动素在短语中的语义搭配对结构核心的位置有很大影响，新动词的复杂句法表现与不同的论元整合过程有关；(7)同义新词造词过程的差异包括理据认知途径、理据认知角度、词素理据和词素表达等不同层面；(8)华语区的词汇互动形成了双区、三区和四区通用新词等词汇子系统交集，作为华语核心，普通话所含纳的通用词语多于各区域变体。

The results show that both conformations of prolyl peptide bond are not easy to transit from each other supporting the opinion that both of the BPP's bio-characters are from its conformations separately. And the function of BPP may not lie on a conformation. The other peptide bond conformations also have influence.

结果表明，脯氨酸肽键构象不易发生互变，无论哪种构象均不存在向另一种构象转变的趋势，从侧面支持了BPP具有的两种稳定的生物学作用是来自于肽键的不同构象的观点，而且BPP的生物学作用可能也不是取决于某一个肽键构象，其它脯氨酸肽键构象对其活性也存在影响。

The results showed that the β zeolite had better activities of isomerization and aromatization,and the cracking and aromatizing activities increased with the reaction temperature increasing,but the yield of isomerized olefin s decreased.

结果表明，β沸石具有较好的异构化和芳构化能力，并随反应温度的升高，其裂解和芳构化能力逐渐增强，异构烃产率逐渐降低；工业低硅ZSM-5型分子筛的裂化活性较强；催化裂化汽油经改质后其烯烃含量均有所降低，且辛烷值基本不变。

Based on the previous results, the method to derive creep constructive model from the indoor experiment data is studied, and these study works are also finished: the reasonable method to determine instance elasto-plastic deformation according to experiment curve, the optimization method to perform curve fitting based on experiment data, the universal method to derive creep constructive model from experiment results.

4在已有研究成果的基础上，对从室内试验数据成果导出流变本构模型的方法进行探讨，研究从室内流变试验曲线上确定瞬时弹塑性变形的合理方法，以及对流变试验数据进行曲线拟合的最优化方法，探讨由室内试验数据成果导出流变本构模型的一般性方法。

The results show that B2 phase presents broad fibred shape in the forged rod, and major textures are close to {112}〈111〉and {110}〈111〉; Fibred microstructure in hot-extruded tube becomes fine and fibres have broken, at the same time,{111} orientation of many grains is close to axis direction of tube; Microstructure in cold-rolled tube consists of B2,β-Nb and4Ni2O phases, fibres has heavily broken, which restrains phase transformation during cooling and heating.

结果表明：锻棒中的B2相呈较宽的纤维状，主要的织构组分接近{112}〈111〉和{110}〈111〉；热挤压管纤维组织变细且发生碎化，多数晶粒的{111}取向接近管材的轴向；冷轧管相组成为B2、β-Nb和4Ni2O，纤维组织发生严重碎化，抑制了马氏体相变的进行，{111}〈110〉和{112}〈110〉成为主要的织构组分。

But the rheologic study of LCP is just about ten years.

由于本构方程理论是液晶高分子流变学及其流体力学的理论基础，所以建立和发展适合液晶高分子的本构方程是研究液晶高分子流体力学和流变学的首要任务。

Generalized reciprocal theorems of non-coupled and coupled system s, which are valid for two deformed bodies with different constitutive relations are established by generalizing the idea of Betti s reciprocal theorem.

推广Betti倒易定理的概念，建立了非耦联系统和耦联系统的广义倒易定理，它们适用于具有不同本构关系的两个变形体·当该两变形体的本构关系相同且为线弹性时，该非耦联系统的广义倒易定理即成为Betti倒易定理·同时，应用该两个广义倒易定理于弹性力学中的模拟计

When the constitutive relations of the two deformed bodies are all alike and linear elastic, the generalized reciprocal theorem of non-coupled system s just becomes Betti s.

推广Betti倒易定理的概念，建立了非耦联系统和耦联系统的广义倒易定理，它们适用于具有不同本构关系的两个变形体·当该两变形体的本构关系相同且为线弹性时，该非耦联系统的广义倒易定理即成为Betti倒易定理·同时，应用该两个广义倒易定理于弹性力学中的模拟计

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！