变晶的

In this dissertation, we optimized the thinkness of each layer of TFEL devices using the layered optimization method to obtain ZnS: Ce〓 TFEL devices. Accoding to the energy level structure of Ce〓, two criteria for distinguishing the EL of Ce〓 were found out, from which it was conduded that the TFEL of ZnS: Ce〓 comes from 5d→4f transition of Ce〓. The measurement of brightness waveform showed that the TFEL of ZnS: Ce〓 was the luminescence from independent centers. and there were the field induced-delocalization in this process anf it〓s the cause of low TFEL efficiency of ZnS: Ce〓. In this dissertation, different influence factors on TFEL of ZnS: Ce〓 were sdudied. The influence of different host lattice is different: The blue/green ratio of ZnS: Ce〓 in hexagonal system of ZnS is larger than that in cubic system of ZnS, and the TFEL peaks in hexagonal system of ZnS moves toward longer wavelength compared with that in cubic system of ZnS. The adding buffer layer was used in this stage. The solubility of Ce〓 in ZnS was small and it was another limit to TFEL brightness of ZnS: Ce〓 device. The solubility of Ce〓 increased ten times when using Li ions as flux, so that the TFEL brightness of ZnS: Ce〓 was enhanced. It was found that the appearing of ZnO in active layer improves the TFEL of ZnS: Ce〓: the brightness and the wave range of ZnS: Ce〓TFEL were enhanced.

本文采用TFEL的分层优化方案，优化组合了各膜层厚度，选择最佳制备条件，得到了ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL；根据Ce〓的能级结构，找到了判别Ce〓的EL的两个简单依据，并据此断定ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL的两个发射峰分别属于Ce〓的〓和〓跃迁；亮度波形测量表明ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL属于分立中心发光，分析认为在此过程中存在着较严重的场致离化，这也是ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL效率较低的一个原因；本文考查了影响ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL的各种因素，发现：基质的晶体结构对ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL有所影响，在六角相ZnS中Ce〓的TFEL优于立方相ZnS中Ce〓的TFEL：发射峰的蓝-绿比相对较大，且光谱向短波方向移动，在此项研究中本文采用了在发光层前增镀过渡层的办法，过渡层为六角晶相的ZnO；限制ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL器件亮度的一个原因是Ce〓在ZnS中的溶解度低，本文用Li离子作助溶剂增大了Ce〓的溶解度，增大幅度为一个量级，并且ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL亮度明显提高；从ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL光谱来看ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL波长覆盖范围较小，亮度也不高，达不到做为白色TFEL材料的要求，需要寻找新的白色TFEL材料；在研究ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL中还发现：发光层中ZnO的出现有利于ZnS：Ce〓的TFEL：发射峰变宽、亮度增大。

The article researched new type thyristor trigger that adapts the frequency of input power automatically, then analyzed the designing ways and process of frequency-tracked trigger in detail, yet validated capability of trigger through experiment and actual appliance in project, we also build up the fault-diagnosed and disposal cell of hypogyny machine with SIMATIC S7-200 PLC, besides, programmed and debugged to realize various monitor and diagnose; more, smart design make protection function more perfect and action more sensitive, so it can realize perfect swift and reliable protection under fault condition.

本文重点研究了以频压变换技术为核心的新型频率跟踪触发器，详细分析了频率跟踪触发器的设计思路和设计过程，实现了在同一移相控制电压下，当同步电压频率大范围变化时触发器输出触发脉冲的电角度保持不变的目的，满足了项目对同步电压频率变化时晶闸管准确触发的要求；并通过实验和工程实际应用验证了触发器的性能。设计了基于SIMATIC S7-200 PLC软硬件的故障诊断系统并调试了各项监控、诊断功能；实现故障条件下准确、迅速及可靠的保护。

The results showed that the TiN andN films are polycrystalline phase. The properties and structure of TiN films are mainly determined by the N2 mass flow rate, and as the N2 mass flow rate increases, the structure of the TiN films transforms to f.c.c. type leading to better the properties of films. The presence of negative bias voltage can optimize the grain of TiN films, lower the defect proportion and denser the films, which improves the hardness of films. The TiN films conform to the free carrier absorption mechanism and there are many of free electrons with lower N content in TiN films. With the increase of N content, the quantity of free electrons and reflectivity of films decrease, and the plasma frequence shifts to the lower energy, which leads to the regular change of colors of films from silver, yellowy, golden to yellow-red, meanwhile the lightness of films decreases. The goldenN film consists of TiN and ZrN phase, but belongs to a sigle f.c.c. structure with (111) preferred orientation. The Zr-doping dosen't change the position of the valance band, conduction band and forbidden band ofN film, but leads to the presence of new energy levels, which is the reason thatN film remains golden. The transparent hard films with good corrosion resistance and high hardness have been prepared and the further reseachs showed that the grain size of those films is by far smaller than the wave length and the width of forbidden band of those films is very broad, is the reasons that those films are transparent.

研究表明：氮化钛和N 薄膜为多晶态，氮流量决定了氮化钛薄膜的结构和性能，增加氮流量能使氮化钛薄膜的结构向面心立方结构转变，从而得到性能良好的氮化钛薄膜；施加负偏压能优化氮化钛晶粒和减少薄膜中的缺陷，使膜层变得更致密，从而提高薄膜硬度；氮化钛主要遵循自由载流子光吸收，氮含量较少时薄膜中的自由电子数目较多，随着氮含量的增加，薄膜中的自由电子数目不断减少，反射率逐渐降低，等离子体频率向低能端移动，从而使薄膜颜色出现规律变化，由金属色银白色到淡黄、金黄再到红黄，并且薄膜亮度呈下降趋势；金黄色的N 薄膜中存在TiN 和ZrN 的分离相，但其为单一的面心立方结构并具有(111)面择优取向；相对于TiN 薄膜，Zr 掺杂后，并没有使薄膜的导带、价带和禁带发生变化，只是在TiN 禁带内增加了新能级，这也正是掺杂Zr 后，薄膜仍

The results suggested that compared with A-starch and maize starch, there are more quantities of impurities, such as protein, lipid and pentosan, in B-starch. B-starch prepared in the laboratory almost has the same compositions as three samplings, and accords with the reports of some documents too. Differing from the granules in A-starch, those in B-starch are smaller sized (1-10m)and oval shaped, and felted each other. The crystallogram of A- and B-starch are similar, i.e. A type. There is difference in granular distribution between A- and B-starch. The granular distribution of B-starch is anomalous and extensive (l~1259m).B-starch has bigger dilatancy and retrogradation, and smaller blue value, solubility, viscosity, gelatinization temperature and gelatinization enthalpy.

试验结果表明：跟玉米淀粉、A淀粉相比较，B淀粉含有的蛋白质、脂肪和戊聚糖等杂质数量多；实验室制备的小麦B淀粉中淀粉、粗蛋白、戊聚糖等含量均与文献的报道接近，也与在工厂采样的B淀粉相近；与A淀粉不同，B淀粉以小颗粒的淀粉为主，平均粒径1～10μm，颗粒形状呈椭圆形，同时颗粒和颗粒之间黏结紧密；B淀粉和A淀粉晶形结构相似，都为A型；B淀粉的粒度分布情况不同于A淀粉，其粒度分布规律性不强，分布范围也较宽，粒度在1～1259μm之间；B淀粉的凝沉值和膨润力大于A淀粉，而沉降体积、蓝值、溶解度、粘度、糊透光度、相变温度和热焓均小于A淀粉；杂质的含量对B淀粉性质的影响是明显的，随着杂质含量的增加，沉降体积、溶解度和透光度减小，膨润力增大，但是它们对凝沉值、蓝值和粘度的影响比较复杂。

So, on the basis of systemically study of summarizing the history of geothermometer, geobarometer, P-T paths, relationship between the metamorphic and deformation and the geochemistry of paracelsian, the author studied the character of mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry and discussed the basic geological problem, relationship between metamorphism and deformation.

鉴于此，在系统总结了PTt轨迹的研究历史及现状、地质温压计的进展、变质与变形作用和副变质岩石的地球化学研究的基础上，通过详细的矿物学、岩石学及地球化学的系统研究，就宝音图群的地质、地球化学特征、变斑晶生长相与变形的关系和变质作用演化进行了探讨。

Combined crystallization kinetics analysis obtained via rheometry and morphological observation of crystals growth performed on POM, two different mechanisms of shear-enhanced crystallization for PP/ grafted MWCNTs composites were suggested:(1) at low temperature, strong heterogeneous nucleation plays a dominant role on the. crystallization behavior, which would be saturated at a higher filler content, and the effect of shear-enhanced crystallization was weak;(2) at high temperature, the effect of heterogeneous nucleation was substantially depressed, and the crystallization of the composite was obviously accelerated by pre-shear and the thread-like crystallites were generated earlier than the spherulites.

结合流变测试结果和热台偏光显微镜观察的结晶形貌发展过程，对于PP／G—MWCNTs体系得到了两个不同的剪切影响机理：(1)在低温条件下，强烈的异相成核作用对结晶行为的影响占主导优势，而剪切作用对结晶的影响十分微弱，同时，在填料含量较高是，异相成核作用具有饱和性；(2)在高温条件下，异相成核作用被抑制，复合体系的结晶主要受到预剪切作用的影响，并且纤维状晶体较球晶更易生成。

Capillary phenomena was studied and discussed by the scholars about 200 years ago, but the progress was slow due to the limited equipments and manufacture precision of the microchannel.In recent years, because of the rapid development of MEMS and micromachining, many applications of the capillary flow is widely developing in some modern processes, such as underfilling of flip chip, flow in microfluidic chip or biochip, and a variety of other fields.

摘要 毛细现象大约在200年前便断断续续被欧美学者所研究讨论，但由於当时微细加工受到仪器设备和制造精度的限制，因此发展极为缓慢；近年来由於微机电系统与微细加工之精进，许多具有微流道的应用设备，陆续被制作问世，加上光学显微镜与影像撷取设备的普遍，对於研究此课题的推展极有助益；且随著微生医、覆晶底胶充填与微流体系统等领域之受到重视，毛细现象导致的充填问题、驱动原理及液体流动的控制，都变得相当的重要；本研究基於如此的动机与目的，进行微流道内液体之毛细流动现象及时间的探讨。

By employing the Jordan-Wigner transformation and a modified mean field method, we are able to determine its ground-state quantum phase diagram approximately. The chapter IV is the main part of this Thesis. It contains the main innovations in our work. We propose and study in detail a S=1 Ising chain with the interplay of single-ion anisotropy and dimerization. The main results and innovations are the following: We show that the total number of the zero-component of spins at each site is a conserved quantity. This quantity, which may intuitively called as hole's quantum number, is hidden in the system. We show further that the hole's number in the ground-state is zero; By using the Jordan-Wigner transformation, we map this model onto a series of subsystems described by the spin 1/2 dimerized transverse Ising model. We solve the subsystems exactly, by presenting the exact wave functions and spectra;We show that this system exhibits a series of quantum phase transitions by varying the dimerization strength. We determine the quantum critical points exactly. We also show that the criticality is the same as that of the uniform S = 1/2 transverse Ising chain.

第四章是本文的重点及主要创新内容，我们具体研究了自旋为1的在横向单离子晶格场中的一维二聚化Ising链，我们得到的主要结果和创新之处是：(1)证明了这一模型具有一种隐藏的对称性，即自旋第三分量为零的格点数目是一个守恒量，并证明基态出现在空穴数目为零的子空间中；(2)利用Jordan-Wigner 变换将此模型变换到一系列自旋为1/2的横磁场中的二聚化Ising 模型，并给出了相应严格的波函数及能谱；(3)我们发现系统的基态随着二聚化强度的变化将呈现出一系列量子相变，我们得到了量子临界点的精确位置，并证明其临界性质与自旋为1/2的横磁场中的均匀Ising 链中的临界行为属于同一普适类。

The results show that the plasticity zone and dynamically quiescent layer become fine equiaxed recrystallisation under the thermo-mechanical effect, the grains in the heat-affected zone grow up because of the effect of friction heat. When the rotation speed is 2 500 r/min and the welding time is 12 s, good joint is achieved, and the tensile shear strength of the joint reaches 9.24 kN. The tensile shear strength of spot increases with increasing tool rotation speed, with increasing welding time, the strength increases first, while then reduces. The microhardness of plasticity zone is high, but is slightly lower than that of the base metal, the minimum value of microhardness is in the heat affected zone. When the energy input of joint is high, the fracture type of spot is mode Ⅰ, and the tensile shear strength is high; on the contrary, when the energy input of joint is less the fracture type of spot is mode Ⅱ, and the strength is low.

结果表明：塑性区和动态静止层的晶粒在热和力作用下发生动态再结晶形成细小的等轴晶，热影响区的晶粒在摩擦热作用下长大变粗；搅拌头旋转速度为2 500 r/min，焊接时间为12 s时，可以获得力学性能较好的焊点，焊点的剪切强度达到9.24 kN；焊点的剪切强度随搅拌头旋转速度的增大而增大，随焊接时间的延长先增大后减小；塑性区的显微硬度较高，但略小于母材，接头显微硬度的最小值分布在热影响区；焊点热输入量较多时，接头为Ⅰ型断裂，焊点的剪切强度较高；焊点热输入量较少时，接头为Ⅱ型断裂，焊点的强度较低。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。